Psychology Memory Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of procedural memory?

Memory for skills and actions (correct)

Memory for past events

Memory for facts and concepts

Memory for emotional responses

Which of the following techniques is most likely to help in transferring information to long-term memory?

Proactive interference

Recognition

Misinformation effect

Rehearsal (correct)

What does the self-reference effect suggest about memory?

Individuals are more likely to remember information from childhood

Individuals remember information more effectively when it is related to others

Individuals have better recall for personally relevant information (correct)

Individuals forget events that are not personally relevant

What is the primary characteristic of retroactive interference?

Recent information hinders recall of older information Signup and view all the answers

Which memory error involves confusing the source of information?

Misattribution Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the involuntary recall of unwanted memories?

Persistence Signup and view all the answers

What does semantic encoding involve?

Input of words and their meanings Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between recall and recognition?

Recognition requires cues while recall does not Signup and view all the answers

What does absentmindedness refer to?

Breaks in attention causing memory lapses Signup and view all the answers

Which type of amnesia involves loss of memory for events following brain trauma?

Anterograde amnesia Signup and view all the answers

What does the Atkinson-Shiffrin model describe?

Three systems through which we process information Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of elaborative rehearsal?

Connecting new information to existing knowledge Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory is defined as the conscious effort to recall information?

Explicit memory Signup and view all the answers

Which memory type is characterized by exceptionally clear recollection of emotional events?

Flashbulb memory Signup and view all the answers

How does chunking aid in memory retention?

By organizing information into manageable segments Signup and view all the answers

What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest about memory formation?

Different brain regions can compensate for damaged areas in memory storage Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Memory

Absentmindedness: Lapses in memory caused by breaks in attention or focus elsewhere.
Acoustic Encoding: Input of sounds, words, and music.
Amnesia: Loss of long-term memory due to disease, trauma, or psychological trauma.
Anterograde Amnesia: Loss of memory for events after brain trauma.
Arousal Theory: Strong emotions trigger stronger memories; weaker emotions create weaker memories.
Atkinson-Shiffrin Model: Memory processing through sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
Automatic Processing: Encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words.
Bias: Feelings and world views distorting memory of past events.
Blocking: Memory error preventing access to stored information.
Chunking: Organizing information into manageable units.
Construction: Formulation of new memories.
Declarative Memory: Long-term memory of facts and events personally experienced.
Effortful Processing: Encoding of information requiring effort and attention.
Elaborative Rehearsal: Considering the meaning of new information and its relation to existing knowledge.
Encoding: Input of information into the memory system.
Engram: Physical trace of memory.
Episodic Memory: Type of declarative memory containing information about personally experienced events (also called autobiographical memory).
Equipotentiality Hypothesis: Damaged brain areas may be taken over by other parts in memory formation.
Explicit Memory: Conscious recall and remembering of specific memories.
False Memory Syndrome: Recall of false autobiographical memories.
Flashbulb Memory: Vivid, clear recollection of an important event.
Forgetting: Loss of information from long-term memory.
Implicit Memory: Memories that are not consciously recalled.
Levels of Processing: Deeper processing leads to more meaningful and better-stored memories.
Long-Term Memory (LTM): Continuous storage of information.
Memory: Processes of encoding, storing, and retrieving information over time.
Memory-enhancing Strategy: Techniques to move information from short-term to long-term memory.
Misattribution: Confusing the source of information.
Misinformation Effect: Mistaking misinformation for original details.
Mnemonic Device: Aids organizing information for storage.
Persistence: Involuntary recall of unwanted, often unpleasant, memories.
Proactive Interference: Old information hindering new information recall.
Procedural Memory: Long-term memories for doing things (e.g., riding a bike, playing an instrument).
Recall: Accessing information without cues.
Recognition: Identifying previously learned information with cues.
Reconstruction: Bringing up old memories that might be inaccurate due to the influence of new information.
Rehearsal: Repetition of information for better memorization.
Relearning: Learning previously learned information again.
Retrieval: Retrieving information from long-term memory.
Retroactive Interference: Newly learned information hindering recall of older information.
Retrograde Amnesia: Loss of memory for events preceding brain trauma.
Self-Reference Effect: Better memory for information related to oneself.
Semantic Encoding: Inputting the meanings of words.
Semantic Memory: Declarative memory about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge.
Sensory Memory: Brief storage of sensory input (sights, sounds, tastes).
Short-Term Memory (STM): Temporary storage of information, holds about 7 items.
Storage: Permanent record of information.
Suggestibility: Misinformation from external sources leading to false memory creation.
Transience: Memory fading over time due to lack of use.
Visual Encoding: Inputting images.

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Description

Explore key concepts related to memory in psychology, including types of amnesia, encoding processes, and theories that explain how we remember. This quiz covers essential terms and models that shape our understanding of memory functions.