Psychology: Memory and Information Processing

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the encoding process in memory?

To retrieve data from memory

To delete unnecessary data from memory

To decode data from mental representation

To convert data into mental representation for storage and retrieval (correct)

What type of processing occurs without conscious awareness?

Acoustic Encoding

Automatic Processing (correct)

Semantic Encoding

Effortful Processing

Which type of encoding involves encoding of words and their meanings?

Visual Encoding

Automatic Processing

Acoustic Encoding

Semantic Encoding (correct)

What is the self-reference effect in memory?

The tendency to remember information that relates to oneself Signup and view all the answers

What type of encoding involves encoding of images to store them?

Visual Encoding Signup and view all the answers

What type of processing takes time and effort?

Effortful Processing Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of attaching meaning to information in memory?

It makes it easier to recall later Signup and view all the answers

Why are concrete words easier to recall than abstract words?

Because they are easier to visualize Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of memory in the human mind?

To store information Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between memory and remembering?

Memory is a storage system and remembering is a mental process Signup and view all the answers

What is the analogy used to describe the memory system?

A computer Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of the information processing system?

Encoding Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the storage stage of the information processing system?

Encoded information is retained or placed in memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of retrieval in the information processing system?

To recall information from memory and bring it back into awareness Signup and view all the answers

How does the brain receive information during the encoding stage?

From the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of the information processing system?

Encoding, storage, retrieval Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of storing in the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of Memory?

Retention of information for later recall Signup and view all the answers

How long is information typically stored in sensory memory?

Up to 2 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between short-term memory and long-term memory?

Duration of storage Signup and view all the answers

According to George Miller, what is the typical capacity of short-term memory?

7 items +/-2 Signup and view all the answers

What happens to information in sensory memory if it is deemed unimportant?

It is discarded Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step of processing stimuli from the environment?

Sensory memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of short-term memory?

Up to 20 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What happens to information in sensory memory if it is deemed important?

It moves into short-term memory Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Memory and Remembering

Memory is the place where information is stored in the human mind.
Remembering is a mental process that recalls information that has already been learned.

The Information Processing System

The human memory is an information processing system like a computer.
It processes information, and allows encoding, storage, and retrieval of data.

How Memory Functions

Memory functions through three stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval.
Encoding is making mental representations of information.
Storage is the retention of the encoded information.
Retrieval is recalling or getting the information out of memory and back into awareness.

Encoding

Encoding is the process of converting data into mental representation.
There are two levels of encoding: automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing encodes details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually without conscious awareness.
Effortful processing encodes details that takes time and effort to encode information.

Types of Encoding

Acoustic encoding: encoding of sounds to store it.
Visual encoding: encoding of images to store it.
Semantic encoding: encoding of words and their meanings, which is the most effective form of encoding.

Storing Process

Storing is the retention or placing of the encoded information for later recall.
Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of Memory states that information passes through three stages in order to be stored in long-term memory.

Types of Storages

Sensory memory: storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes, stored for up to 2 seconds.
Short-term memory (STM): a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory, lasts about 20 seconds, and has a capacity of about 7 items +/-2.
Long-term memory (LTM): a permanent storage system that stores information for an extended period of time.

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Description

This quiz covers the concepts of memory, remembering, and information processing in psychology. It explores the differences between memory and remembering, and delves into the encoding process.