10 Questions
Which personality type is associated with high extraversion, high neuroticism, and high conscientiousness?
Type A
According to research, which personality type is more likely to engage in gardening and home improvement?
Introvert
What is the primary focus of research on personality and exercise?
Developing targeted exercise programs
Which personality trait is associated with low agreeableness?
Type A
What is the characteristic of Type D personality?
Blend of worry, gloom, and lack of self-assurance
Which statement is true about the relationship between personality and exercise?
Personality traits vary within sport and exercise
What is the primary difference between Type A and Type D personality?
Blend of competitiveness and hostility versus blend of worry and gloom
According to research, which activity is more likely to be engaged in by extraverts?
Swimming
What is the relationship between Type A personality and exercise?
Positive correlation
What is the primary goal of research on personality and exercise?
To identify at-risk personalities
Study Notes
Personality Traits
- Cheerful: upbeat regardless of who they are talking to
- Professional: punctual, confident
- Moody: reactive, volatile, unpredictable
- Intense: passionate, fierce, forceful
Personality Approach
- Trait approach: people have certain traits that influence behavior, thoughts, and emotions
- Everyone has a number of traits, but only a few dominate
- Over 4000 adjectives that describe observable behavior
Big Five Model (Digman, 1990)
- Openness to experience
- Conscientiousness
- Extroversion
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism
Personality Development
- Environmental factors: reinforcement, modeling
- Person factors: biological, traits/dispositions
Humanistic Psychology
- Focuses on personal responsibility, human growth, personal striving, and individual dignity
- Self-actualization: attempts to fulfill one's potential
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: once basic needs are met, individuals strive to meet higher needs
Cognitive-Behavioural Approach
- Behavior is learned through experience
- Influenced by rewards and punishment
- Self-efficacy: belief in one's capabilities to achieve a goal or outcome
- Social Learning Theory: people are active agents in shaping their behaviors and are influenced by their inner drives and environments
Biological/Evolutionary Psychology
- Personality can be moderately heritable, suggesting an evolutionary basis
- Belief that individual differences in extraversion reflect differences in cortical arousal
- Neuroticism is a manifestation of individual differences in limbic activity (amygdala activation)
Interactionist Approach
- Personal/situational factors impact behavior predictively
- Situational interplay between person and environment determines behavior
- B=ƒ(P,E)
Personality Traits and Exercise
- Research evidence: Type A personality is positively associated with exercise
- Type A personality: blend of competitiveness and hostility with agitated behavior
- Type D personality: blend of worry, gloom, and lack of self-assurance
- Targeting exercise programs: identifying at-risk personalities and preferences for exercise
Explore Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, a fundamental concept in Humanistic Psychology, and understand how personality develops through cognitive-behavioural approaches. Learn how our needs influence our behaviour and growth.
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