Psychology Major Concepts Quiz
122 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does psychoanalytic theory primarily attempt to explain?

  • Cognitive processes in learning
  • Personality, mental disorders, and motivation (correct)
  • Observational learning
  • Social influences on behavior

    • Who is considered the father of structuralism?

  • Edward Titchener (correct)
  • B.F. Skinner
  • William James
  • Herman Ebbinghaus

    • What invention in the 1950s significantly influenced the study of the mind?

  • Computers (correct)
  • Television
  • Telegraph
  • Radio

    • What is a key characteristic of cognitive science?

    <p>It is an interdisciplinary approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is aligned with behaviorism?

    <p>Observable behavior is the main focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the phenomenon where an animal's instinctual behaviors interfere with learned behaviors, as seen in Breland's work with pigs?

    <p>Instinctual Drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept refers to the mind being distinct and separate from physical existence?

    <p>Dualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the T Maze experiment, what does the 'S' and 'R' represent in the stimulus-response model?

    <p>Stimulus is the maze, and Response is the running behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of empiricism?

    <p>Plato's cave analogy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known as the founder of behaviourism?

    <p>John Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the structure of memory from the process of memory?

    <p>Structure of memory preserves past information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist is associated with the statement regarding human behavior being no more free than digestion?

    <p>BF Skinner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of cognition does the definition not explicitly address?

    <p>Implicit memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What foundational area did John Watson respond to with the establishment of behaviorism?

    <p>Structuralism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of a sentient human as defined in the content?

    <p>Capacity for feelings and awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did Wilhelm Wundt establish the first psychological laboratory?

    <p>1879</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept emphasizes the role of sensory experience in understanding the world?

    <p>Empiricism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three activities included within memory?

    <p>Acquisition, Retention, Retrieval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which argument against dualism describes the idea that the mind is merely a label for brain activity?

    <p>The Cartesian Catastrophe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Plato argue about the locus of the mind?

    <p>The mind is located in the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of reductionism in understanding complex phenomena?

    <p>To analyze its individual components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the laws of association?

    <p>Causality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Wilhelm Wundt want to achieve in psychology?

    <p>A rigorous scientific approach to consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the phenomenon where organisms develop an aversion to certain foods after experiencing nausea?

    <p>Conditioned taste aversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which founder is associated with the study of behaviorism?

    <p>Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dualism view the relationship between the mind and physical existence?

    <p>The mind operates independently from the physical world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sequence describes the interpretative process when responding to a question?

    <p>Speech recognition, question interpretation, memory retrieval, decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example illustrates empiricism in learning?

    <p>Participating in a scientific experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which argument against dualism suggests that the mind is merely a label for brain functions?

    <p>Evidence for neuroscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emphasis of empiricism in psychology?

    <p>Gathering information from the world through sensory experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the laws of association, which of the following is NOT one of the laws?

    <p>Equivalence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Wilhelm Wundt insist upon regarding psychological methods?

    <p>They should be as rigorous as chemistry and physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theme of cognition is represented by the understanding of how mental systems work?

    <p>Metacognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reductionism in psychology emphasize?

    <p>Understanding complex systems by breaking them down into individual components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of philosophical debates, what did Plato argue about the locus of the mind?

    <p>The mind is located in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cognitive science characterized by?

    <p>An interdisciplinary approach that includes various fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect differentiates the structure of memory from the process of memory?

    <p>Structure preserves the past, while process acquires new information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects the primary criticism of mental processes in psychology?

    <p>They cannot improve our understanding of behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What idea did BF Skinner express regarding human behavior?

    <p>Human behavior is as determined as physiological processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the foundational contribution of William Wundt to psychology?

    <p>He opened the first psychological laboratory in 1879</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'T Maze' experiment primarily demonstrate about behavior?

    <p>The influence of environmental stimuli on behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle explains why rats avoid certain foods after experiencing nausea?

    <p>Aversion learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of dualism, what does the 'Cartesian Catastrophe' refer to?

    <p>The separation of the mind from the physical world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the concept of empiricism?

    <p>Observing pedestrian behavior at an intersection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Brelands' research on animal behavior?

    <p>Highlighting the limits of learned behavior due to instinct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main themes of cognition?

    <p>Embodiment, metacognition, representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which argument against dualism addresses the relationship between mind and brain?

    <p>The Cartesian Catastrophe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of reductionism in psychology?

    <p>Understanding complex systems by examining their individual parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three activities that comprise memory?

    <p>Acquisition, retention, retrieval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does metacognition refer to?

    <p>Awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic best describes empiricism?

    <p>Gathering information through sensory experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is the importance of the laws of association?

    <p>They explain how elements are related in learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were Wilhelm Wundt's views on psychological methods?

    <p>They must be as rigorous as those in chemistry and physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept explains why animals may revert to instinctual behaviors despite having learned new ones?

    <p>Instinctual drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the T Maze experiment, what does the rat's consistent choice of the side with food represent in behavioral psychology?

    <p>Stimulus-response relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which analogy was used to illustrate the concept of empiricism?

    <p>Plato's cave analogy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does unconscious expression in the psyche primarily manifest through?

    <p>Dreams and slips of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do we typically interpret a question when someone asks us, according to the six-step process?

    <p>Recognize speech, locate the answer, determine relevance, frame a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the founder of functionalism from the founder of structuralism?

    <p>Functionalism focuses on the purpose of mental processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the primary focus of behaviorism?

    <p>It studies observable behavior exclusively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the role of cognition in psychology?

    <p>Cognition includes acquiring and using stored information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept challenges the traditional view of free will according to behaviorism?

    <p>Behavior is systematically regulated by environmental stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements reflects cognitive science's interdisciplinary nature?

    <p>It integrates psychology, philosophy, and AI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'T Maze' experiment primarily involve for the rat's learning process?

    <p>The rat learns to reliably choose the side with food after multiple trials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'instinctual drift' refer to in the context of Brelands' research?

    <p>The tendency of animals to discard learned behaviors when faced with instinctual ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of dualism?

    <p>The mind and body are separate but interconnected entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Brelands and Garcias' findings challenge classical behaviorism?

    <p>They indicate that certain innate behaviors can interfere with trained ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In interpreting a question, which step focuses on selecting the most appropriate response based on context?

    <p>Deciding how to answer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'cognition' in psychology?

    <p>The collection of mental processes used in perceiving, remembering, understanding, and thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist is recognized for founding behaviorism and emphasized observable behavior?

    <p>John Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best distinguishes the structure of memory from its process?

    <p>Structure preserves past information while the process acquires and retrieves information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What relationships are fundamental in explaining human behavior according to behavioral theories?

    <p>Stimulus-response relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with the statement regarding the lack of freedom in human behavior, likening it to digestion?

    <p>BF Skinner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the themes of cognition that relate to how information is represented?

    <p>Embodiment, Representation, Cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the principle of reductionism in psychology?

    <p>Understanding complex systems requires examining their parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three challenges to behaviorism discussed in class?

    <p>The misbehavior of animals, Learning without responding, The misbehavior of humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of the laws of association?

    <p>Similarity, Contiguity, Contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best captures the argument against dualism regarding the mind and brain?

    <p>The brain is responsible for consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What recent understanding of cognition emphasizes the role of our interactions with the environment?

    <p>Embodiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of psychological assumptions, what does materialism assert?

    <p>Only matter and energy exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon explains the situation where pigs failed to learn the task of depositing coins in a piggy bank?

    <p>Instinctual drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In behaviorism, what is represented by the maze in the T Maze experiment?

    <p>The environment as a stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example illustrates the concept of empiricism regarding decision-making?

    <p>A pedestrian crossing the street when it's safe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What commonly observed behavior occurs when rats avoid certain foods after experiencing nausea?

    <p>Conditioned taste aversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of structuralism as established by Titchener?

    <p>The analysis of mental structures and processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of cognition refers to the mental processes used in perceiving and understanding information?

    <p>Cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory focuses on personality and mental disorders in terms of unconscious behavior?

    <p>Psychoanalytic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon resulted in a shift in focus from observable behavior to cognitive processes?

    <p>Cognitive psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes behaviorism's stance on mental processes?

    <p>They should be ignored in scientific study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cognitive science, which of the following fields is NOT typically considered an interdisciplinary approach?

    <p>Psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the phenomenon where rats develop an aversion to certain foods after experiencing nausea?

    <p>Conditioned taste aversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the T Maze experiment, what does the correct response from the rat indicate about learned behavior?

    <p>Learning is influenced by reward history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples represents empiricism?

    <p>Experiments on memory recall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of behaviourism as founded by John Watson?

    <p>Observable behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'instinctual drift' as demonstrated by Breland's work with pigs?

    <p>Pigs ignoring food to root in the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Wilhelm Wundt establish in 1879 that significantly impacted psychology?

    <p>The first psychological laboratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following defines materialism in psychology?

    <p>The view that all phenomena can be reduced to matter and energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does metacognition refer to in cognitive psychology?

    <p>The awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which argument is used to challenge dualism in psychology?

    <p>The correspondence of mental states to physical processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of memory as described in psychology?

    <p>Acquisition, Retention, Retrieval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following challenges to behaviorism is associated with the learning phenomenon observed in T-maze experiments?

    <p>Learning without responding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Plato and Aristotle differ in their views on the locus of the mind?

    <p>Plato believed it was the brain, while Aristotle believed it was the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core focus of psychoanalytic theory?

    <p>Unconscious behavior and its influence on personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the roles of structural memory and process memory?

    <p>Structural memory preserves past information; process memory retrieves it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which early psychological approach did John Watson respond to when founding behaviorism?

    <p>Introspection and subjective experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which relationship type is primarily used to explain human behavior in behavioral psychology?

    <p>Stimulus-response relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who contributed significantly to the understanding of human memory and when did this occur?

    <p>Herman Ebbinghaus in 1885</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind embodiment in cognitive psychology?

    <p>Cognition is grounded in our actions and interactions with the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three activities included within memory?

    <p>Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assumption does materialism make regarding existence?

    <p>Reality consists solely of matter, energy, and fields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critique do Brelands and Garcia's findings provide against behaviorism?

    <p>Learning is an inherent quality that can occur without direct reinforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were Wilhelm Wundt's views regarding psychological methods?

    <p>They must be as rigorous as those used in chemistry and physics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects one of the challenges to behaviorism?

    <p>Animal misbehavior can challenge expected conditioning outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the laws of association, what does contrast refer to?

    <p>Recognizing differences between experiences to form associations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key distinction did Plato make regarding the locus of the mind compared to Aristotle?

    <p>Plato believed the mind resided in the heart, not the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'materialism' imply in psychology?

    <p>Only physical matter and energy exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which argument against dualism suggests that the mind and brain are not separate entities?

    <p>The association between neural processes and mental states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is metacognition?

    <p>An understanding of one's own thought processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of contiguity in the laws of association refer to?

    <p>Connections based on similar timing and placement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theme of cognition suggests that our mental processes are influenced by our interactions with the environment?

    <p>Embodiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reductionism suggest is necessary for understanding complex phenomena?

    <p>Understanding individual components of a system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Wilhelm Wundt insist psychological methods should be as rigorous as?

    <p>Chemistry and Physics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Key Concepts in Psychology
    18 questions

    Key Concepts in Psychology

    LoyalLanthanum avatar
    LoyalLanthanum
    Introduction to Psychology Concepts
    20 questions

    Introduction to Psychology Concepts

    MatchlessAltoSaxophone avatar
    MatchlessAltoSaxophone
    Introduction to Psychology Concepts
    25 questions

    Introduction to Psychology Concepts

    SmoothMoscovium avatar
    SmoothMoscovium
    Psychology Concepts and Research Methods
    45 questions

    Psychology Concepts and Research Methods

    EnticingSarod avatar
    EnticingSarod
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser