Psychology Lesson 5: Middle & Late Childhood

Questions and Answers

What is one of the benefits of achieving success during middle and late childhood?

Gaining a sense of control and self-esteem (correct)

Developing a resistance to societal norms

Experiencing a decline in learning enthusiasm

Learning to avoid physical activities

What is the average height for a girl by the age of 11 years during middle and late childhood?

4 ft, 9 inches (correct)

5 ft, 0 inches

5 ft, 2 inches

4 ft, 6 inches

What contributes to the increase in weight during middle and late childhood?

Higher quantities of body fat

Lack of physical activity

Increased muscle mass (correct)

A decrease in muscle mass

Which of the following is NOT a physical skill that children are expected to learn during middle and late childhood?

Fundamental skills in reading Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does NOT contribute to the child's development during middle and late childhood?

Avoiding cultural values and norms Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes cognitive development during the Concrete Operational stage?

Ability to use logic in tangible, concrete ways Signup and view all the answers

What demonstrates a child's understanding of identity in cognitive development?

Recognizing that changing the size of a ball does not change its role in a game Signup and view all the answers

Which concept involves understanding that changes in one quality can be compensated by changes in another quality?

Conservation Signup and view all the answers

How does language development affect cognitive tasks by grade 5?

Increased vocabulary allows for more complex thought processes Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a learning disability in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders?

An impairment that affects specific aspects of academic learning Signup and view all the answers

What behaviors are characteristic of restricted and repetitive behaviors in preschoolers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder?

Distress when familiar tasks are altered Signup and view all the answers

During the industry vs inferiority stage, children primarily focus on which of the following?

Recognizing their strengths compared to peers Signup and view all the answers

Self-concept during middle childhood tends to be characterized by what?

A more accurate and realistic sense of self Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of Intellectual Disability Disorder (IDD)?

Impairment in adaptive functioning Signup and view all the answers

What generally distinguishes individuals with giftedness?

Their skills in one area often overshadowing others Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes children experiencing the industry vs inferiority stage?

They enjoy working on projects and developing skills Signup and view all the answers

What criterion is commonly used to identify giftedness?

An IQ above average, often above 130 Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a strong preference for repetitive behaviors in young children?

Distress when routines are disrupted Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following difficulties is commonly associated with dyslexia?

Difficulty with phonological processing Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of dysgraphia?

Difficulty sounding out phonemes and writing them Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is primarily associated with dysgraphia?

Parietal lobe Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of inattention in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

Failure to follow instructions Signup and view all the answers

What behavior is commonly observed in hyperactivity associated with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

Leaving one's seat when required to stay seated Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is often an early indicator of Autism Spectrum Disorders?

Delayed language development Signup and view all the answers

In Autism Spectrum Disorders, what unusual behavior pattern might be observed?

Carrying toys without playing with them Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

Organization skills Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of Middle and Late Childhood (7 to 11 years old)

Critical stage emphasizes achievement and developing a sense of competence, fostering enthusiasm for learning skills and values.
Success during this period enhances self-esteem and sense of control over one’s environment.
Proper guidance leads to increased maturity.

Physical Development

Average height growth of 2 to 3 inches annually until age 11; average height for girls at this age is 4 ft, 9 inches.
Weight gains typically average 5 to 7 pounds per year; driven by increase in muscle mass.
Boys usually exhibit greater physical strength due to higher muscle cell counts.
Essential skills learned include social interactions, literacy, numeracy, and everyday practical tasks.

Cognitive Development

Children engage in concrete operational thought, using logic to solve real-world problems.
Classification skills develop, allowing children to sort items by various attributes (color, size, shape).
Understanding of identity grows; children recognize that object qualities remain unchanged despite alterations.
Concept of reversibility is established, allowing recognition that changes can be undone (e.g., basic math operations).
Conservation is the ability to understand that one quality can change while another compensates.

Language Development

Rapid vocabulary expansion by grade 5, averaging around 40,000 words.
Abstract thinking begins to emerge, leading to more complex language use, jokes, and more sophisticated expressions.

Children with Disabilities

Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD)

Learning disabilities involve specific impairments affecting academic performance, such as dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia.
Dyslexia includes issues with reading; common symptoms are difficulties with phonological processing and letter-sound associations.
Dysgraphia impacts writing skills, often presenting challenges in forming letters and organizing written work.
Dyscalculia is characterized by struggles with numerical information, arithmetic facts, and calculations.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Signs of inattention include difficulty sustaining focus, disorganization, and forgetfulness.
Hyperactivity symptoms encompass excessive movement, fidgeting, and difficulty waiting for turns.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

Early signs may include delayed language development and atypical social interactions.
Distinctive behaviors often arise during the second year, marked by restricted behaviors and unusual play patterns.

Socio-Emotional Development

Industry vs. Inferiority stage where children become engaged in planning, playing, and socialization with same-gender peers.
This phase fosters competence, motivating children to compare their abilities with those of their peers.
Self-concept evolves to be more realistic, influenced by external feedback from teachers, peers, and parents.

Extremes of Intelligence

Intellectual Disability Disorder (IDD)

Characterized by deficits in mental abilities and adaptive functioning; typically associated with an IQ below 70.
Onset occurs during the developmental period, leading to challenges in everyday life.

Giftedness

Identified by exceptional abilities in specific areas like academics, sports, or arts.
Individuals may possess an IQ that is above average to superior, often demonstrating remarkable talents at a young age (e.g., prodigies like Alexandra Nechita in art).

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Description

This quiz focuses on the critical developmental period of middle and late childhood, specifically for children aged 7 to 11 years. It covers important aspects such as physical development, self-esteem, competence, and guidance that contribute to a child's maturity. Assess your understanding of these crucial stages in child psychology.