Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a core symptom of depression?
Which of the following is a core symptom of depression?
- Marked loss of interest or pleasure in activities (correct)
- Feeling very tired or low in energy
- Disrupted sleep
- Changes in appetite or weight
What are the two main diagnostic manuals used for diagnosing depression?
What are the two main diagnostic manuals used for diagnosing depression?
- The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and The World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)
- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth version (DSM-5) and the Canadian Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (CPSM-5)
- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth version (DSM-5) and The International Classification of Diseases, eleventh revision (ICD-11) (correct)
- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth version (DSM-5) and The International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10)
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of depression as listed in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of depression as listed in the text?
- Anxiety (correct)
- Thoughts about dying or suicide
- Feeling very tired or low in energy
- Hopelessness about the future
Which of the following is a key objective of the lecture as outlined in the text?
Which of the following is a key objective of the lecture as outlined in the text?
What is the significance of a "full psychiatric assessment by a psychiatrist" in the context of diagnosing depression?
What is the significance of a "full psychiatric assessment by a psychiatrist" in the context of diagnosing depression?
What is the primary theory regarding the pathophysiology of depression?
What is the primary theory regarding the pathophysiology of depression?
What is NOT considered a possible cause of depression?
What is NOT considered a possible cause of depression?
What is the term used to describe the persistent low mood and disinterest in things normally enjoyed that affect one's life, as defined in the text?
What is the term used to describe the persistent low mood and disinterest in things normally enjoyed that affect one's life, as defined in the text?
Which of the following is NOT listed as an objective for this lecture?
Which of the following is NOT listed as an objective for this lecture?
What is the primary focus of this lecture, according to the objectives?
What is the primary focus of this lecture, according to the objectives?
Why does the text suggest that depression doesn't emerge solely from chemical imbalances?
Why does the text suggest that depression doesn't emerge solely from chemical imbalances?
Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the provided text?
Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the provided text?
What aspect of depression is NOT specifically addressed in the provided text?
What aspect of depression is NOT specifically addressed in the provided text?
Which of the following is NOT a common side effect associated with Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)?
Which of the following is NOT a common side effect associated with Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)?
Which of these antidepressants is categorized as a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)?
Which of these antidepressants is categorized as a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)?
What type of antidepressant is Agomelatine classified as?
What type of antidepressant is Agomelatine classified as?
Which of these statements is TRUE regarding the use of antidepressants?
Which of these statements is TRUE regarding the use of antidepressants?
Which of the following is NOT a generic name for a TCA antidepressant?
Which of the following is NOT a generic name for a TCA antidepressant?
Which of the following is a common mechanism of action for Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)?
Which of the following is a common mechanism of action for Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)?
What is the primary mechanism of action for Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)?
What is the primary mechanism of action for Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)?
Which class of antidepressants specifically targets serotonin reuptake?
Which class of antidepressants specifically targets serotonin reuptake?
Which of the following is NOT a common side effect associated with TCAs?
Which of the following is NOT a common side effect associated with TCAs?
What is the main difference between SSRIs and SNRIs?
What is the main difference between SSRIs and SNRIs?
Which of the following statements accurately describes atypical antidepressants?
Which of the following statements accurately describes atypical antidepressants?
Which of the following is an example of a non-pharmacological treatment for depression?
Which of the following is an example of a non-pharmacological treatment for depression?
Which class of antidepressants is known to have a high risk of drug interactions?
Which class of antidepressants is known to have a high risk of drug interactions?
Which of the following statements is NOT a valid reason to stop antidepressants slowly and gradually?
Which of the following statements is NOT a valid reason to stop antidepressants slowly and gradually?
What is the main reason why it's advised to wait at least 4 weeks before increasing the dose of SSRI and SNRI antidepressants?
What is the main reason why it's advised to wait at least 4 weeks before increasing the dose of SSRI and SNRI antidepressants?
Which of the following is NOT directly associated with the risk of serotonin syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT directly associated with the risk of serotonin syndrome?
What is a potential risk associated with using MAOIs?
What is a potential risk associated with using MAOIs?
What is the primary reason for the initial decrease in serotonin levels when starting antidepressants that inhibit serotonin reuptake?
What is the primary reason for the initial decrease in serotonin levels when starting antidepressants that inhibit serotonin reuptake?
Why is it significant that antidepressants generally take 4-6 weeks to work fully?
Why is it significant that antidepressants generally take 4-6 weeks to work fully?
Which of the following classes of antidepressants is specifically mentioned as having a potential risk of causing a bleeding disorder when combined with certain medications?
Which of the following classes of antidepressants is specifically mentioned as having a potential risk of causing a bleeding disorder when combined with certain medications?
In the context of starting antidepressants, what does "start low, move slow" refer to?
In the context of starting antidepressants, what does "start low, move slow" refer to?
Which of these non-pharmacological therapies focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and social functioning to reduce emotional distress?
Which of these non-pharmacological therapies focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and social functioning to reduce emotional distress?
Which of the following is NOT considered a common risk factor for depression?
Which of the following is NOT considered a common risk factor for depression?
Which therapy utilizes techniques like reinforcement and exposure to change unhealthy behaviors?
Which therapy utilizes techniques like reinforcement and exposure to change unhealthy behaviors?
What is a potential complication that can arise due to depression?
What is a potential complication that can arise due to depression?
Which of the following is an example of a risk factor related to personality traits?
Which of the following is an example of a risk factor related to personality traits?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of depression?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of depression?
What is a key difference between Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)?
What is a key difference between Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)?
Which of the following statements about depression treatment is true?
Which of the following statements about depression treatment is true?
Flashcards
Core symptoms of depression
Core symptoms of depression
Persistent sadness or low mood and loss of interest in activities.
Common symptoms of depression
Common symptoms of depression
Includes poor concentration, feelings of guilt, hopelessness, and disrupted sleep.
Diagnosis of depression
Diagnosis of depression
Based on full psychiatric assessment using DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria.
Pathophysiology of depression
Pathophysiology of depression
Signup and view all the flashcards
Types of antidepressants
Types of antidepressants
Signup and view all the flashcards
Antidepressants
Antidepressants
Signup and view all the flashcards
Risk factors for depression
Risk factors for depression
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Problem-Solving Therapy (PST)
Problem-Solving Therapy (PST)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Behavioral Therapy
Behavioral Therapy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (iCBT)
Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (iCBT)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Common types of depression
Common types of depression
Signup and view all the flashcards
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOi)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOi)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Serotonin Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)
Serotonin Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Atypical Antidepressants
Atypical Antidepressants
Signup and view all the flashcards
Side effects of antidepressants
Side effects of antidepressants
Signup and view all the flashcards
TCA examples
TCA examples
Signup and view all the flashcards
SSRI examples
SSRI examples
Signup and view all the flashcards
SNRI examples
SNRI examples
Signup and view all the flashcards
Definition of Depression
Definition of Depression
Signup and view all the flashcards
Types of Depression
Types of Depression
Signup and view all the flashcards
Complications of Depression
Complications of Depression
Signup and view all the flashcards
Non-Pharmacological Treatments
Non-Pharmacological Treatments
Signup and view all the flashcards
Antidepressant Classes
Antidepressant Classes
Signup and view all the flashcards
Interaction risks of SSRIs and SNRIs
Interaction risks of SSRIs and SNRIs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Antidepressant onset time
Antidepressant onset time
Signup and view all the flashcards
Serotonin feedback mechanism
Serotonin feedback mechanism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Changing antidepressant dose
Changing antidepressant dose
Signup and view all the flashcards
Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome
Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome
Signup and view all the flashcards
Serotonin syndrome
Serotonin syndrome
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cautions in antidepressant use
Cautions in antidepressant use
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pregnancy and antidepressants
Pregnancy and antidepressants
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Depression Overview
- Depression is a brain disorder marked by persistent low mood and lack of interest in previously enjoyed activities.
- The pathophysiology is believed to involve reduced levels of serotonin and noradrenaline.
- Multiple factors contribute to depression including, but not limited to, faulty mood regulation, genetics, and stressful life events.
- Several factors interact to trigger depression.
Objectives of the Lecture
- Students will learn the definition and pathophysiology of depression.
- Students will identify common symptoms and diagnosis of depression.
- Students will understand various types of depression.
- Students will be able to identify risk factors, complications, and non-pharmacological treatments.
- Students will differentiate the various classification of medications used for depression and their actions.
- Students will identify the side effects of the various antidepressant medications (including generic and trade name)
- Students will have a general understanding of antidepressant medications.
Symptoms of Depression
- Core symptoms: Persistent sadness or low mood, Marked loss of interest or pleasure in activities.
- Common symptoms: Poor concentration, excessive guilt or low self-worth, hopelessness, thoughts of dying or suicide, sleep disruption, changes in appetite or weight, feeling tired or lacking energy.
Diagnosis of Depression
- Comprehensive psychiatric assessment by a psychiatrist is crucial.
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) are used for diagnosis.
Types of Depressive Disorders
- Major Depressive Disorder
- Persistent Depressive Disorder
- Bipolar Depression
- Postpartum Depression
- Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
- Seasonal Affective Disorder
- Atypical Depression
Risk Factors
- Stressful life events
- Low self-esteem
- Genetics
- Hormonal changes (e.g., post-partum)
Complications
- Excess or insufficient weight
- Physical illness
- Alcohol or drug misuse
- Loneliness
- Chronic illnesses
- Family conflicts
- Suicide attempts
Non-Pharmacological Treatment
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
- Problem-solving therapy
- Behavioral therapy
- Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT)
Antidepressant Classifications
- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Atypical antidepressants
Mechanisms of Action of Medications
- TCA: Block serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake transporters. Also block other receptors
- MAOIs: Inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase to increase neurotransmitter levels.
- SSRIs: Block serotonin reuptake.
- SNRIs: Block serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake.
- Atypical antidepressants: Varying mechanisms.
Side Effects of Antidepressants
- TCA's: Decreased alertness, headaches, nausea, sexual dysfunction, tooth decay, diabetes, gastrointestinal bleeding, serotonin syndrome, suicidal thoughts.
- MAOI's: Specific drug-related side effects.
- SSRI's/ SNRI's: Often include side effects similar, although varying, to TCA's
General Information
- Antidepressants are not magic pills and take time to work (4-6 weeks)
- Dosage should be started low then increased gradually
- Drug interactions exist with SSRIs and SNRIs, particularly when used with aspirin, warfarin, DOACs, or NSAIDs.
- Patient needs to understand the importance of adherence to the treatment even if benefits aren't immediately felt.
- Serotonin syndrome is a life-threatening condition associated with increased serotonin levels due to overdose or concurrent use of multiple antidepressants
- For pregnant or breastfeeding women, antidepressants need to be considered carefully.
Cautions
- Antidepressants are not safe for all patients including those with a history of heart, liver problems, or those experiencing hypertensive crises
When to Start/Stop/Change Antidepressant
- Start low and gradually increase dosage.
- Wait at least 6 months after symptoms have eased to stop the medication.
- Stop slowly to avoid discontinuation syndrome
- Wait 4 weeks for the body to adjust to the dosage before considering increasing the dose or switching to a different drug.
Additional Information
- Specific examples of antidepressant medication are included in the document.
- Specific information regarding possible diagnostic pathways exist as well.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz assesses your knowledge of core symptoms, diagnostic manuals, and critical concepts related to depression as covered in the lecture. Test your understanding of the pathophysiology of depression and its key objectives as outlined in the course material.
