Psychology Learning and Behaviorism Insights

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Questions and Answers

What is behaviorism, and who was John B. Watson?

Behaviorism is the view advocated by John B. Watson that psychology should be an objective science that studies directly observable external behavior without considering internal mental processes.

What is associative learning?

Learning that certain events occur together.

What were Ivan Pavlov's background and personal history?

He was a Russian who wanted to be a Russian orthodox priest, but he went to med school instead. He studied digestion and won the Nobel Prize for medicine.

What did Pavlov discover and develop?

Pavlov discovered classical conditioning, a kind of learning in which a subject associates one stimulus with another stimulus that is followed by a certain event. Signup and view all the answers

How did Pavlov first come across this kind of learning?

He came across it accidentally while studying digestion. Signup and view all the answers

Match Pavlov's early experiment that demonstrated classical conditioning with the actions he took with his dogs:

He would feed the dogs. = 1. He had tubes that collected saliva and measured how much. He harnessed the dogs. = 2. He tried the experiments. Signup and view all the answers

The dogs in Pavlov's experiment salivated only when food was presented to them.

False Signup and view all the answers

An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that requires prior learning to elicit a response.

False Signup and view all the answers

Pavlov used distractions such as bells and crickets to condition the dogs to salivate.

True Signup and view all the answers

In Pavlov's experiment, the powered meat was the unconditioned stimulus.

True Signup and view all the answers

A conditioned response can occur without any specific previous training.

False Signup and view all the answers

The dogs had no prior exposure to the sound stimuli used in Pavlov's experiment.

True Signup and view all the answers

The dogs' salivation was an example of a conditioned response.

False Signup and view all the answers

Pavlov's experiment demonstrated principles of classical conditioning.

True Signup and view all the answers

Intrinsic motivation is defined as doing something for its own sake.

True Signup and view all the answers

The overjustification effect occurs when an external reward decreases intrinsic motivation.

True Signup and view all the answers

In an experiment, children who were paid to play with toys reported higher enjoyment than those who played without payment.

False Signup and view all the answers

Children's enjoyment of toys was unaffected by whether they were paid to play with them or not.

False Signup and view all the answers

Extrinsic motivation can enhance intrinsic motivation in all situations.

False Signup and view all the answers

Extinction in classical conditioning occurs when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus.

True Signup and view all the answers

Parents rewarding their children with money for completing chores is an example of the overjustification effect.

True Signup and view all the answers

A conditioned response can never be extinguished once it has been learned.

False Signup and view all the answers

The overjustification effect is only relevant in academic settings.

False Signup and view all the answers

A conditioned stimulus is originally a neutral stimulus that gains the ability to bring about a response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus.

True Signup and view all the answers

Doing something to avoid punishment is an example of intrinsic motivation.

False Signup and view all the answers

In Pavlov's experiment, the dogs drooled only in response to the actual food and not in response to the tone.

False Signup and view all the answers

Spontaneous recovery refers to the permanent loss of a conditioned response.

False Signup and view all the answers

Pavlov's original experiment with dogs demonstrated that withholding food would lead to the elimination of the conditioned response.

True Signup and view all the answers

A conditioned response is an automatic, natural reaction that occurs without learning.

False Signup and view all the answers

The term 'conditioned' refers to responses that are built-in or natural.

False Signup and view all the answers

Generalization occurs when a response is conditioned to a specific stimulus and is also elicited by similar stimuli.

True Signup and view all the answers

The food served as the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiments, causing an unlearned response.

True Signup and view all the answers

Smell has no influence on emotional memories associated with relationships.

False Signup and view all the answers

The concept of extinction is unrelated to classical conditioning processes.

False Signup and view all the answers

Pavlov's experiment involved modifying the behavior of dogs through the introduction of a visual stimulus.

False Signup and view all the answers

A previously neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus after it is paired repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus.

True Signup and view all the answers

A distinct smell can serve as a conditioned stimulus in associative learning.

True Signup and view all the answers

In Pavlov's experiment, the dogs learned to associate the tone with food and began to drool at the sound of the tone alone.

True Signup and view all the answers

Albert Bandura extensively studied observational learning through his famous experiments.

True Signup and view all the answers

The children in Bandura's study were rewarded for mimicking an adult's aggressive behavior.

False Signup and view all the answers

Observational learning is a process that only occurs in childhood.

False Signup and view all the answers

Bandura's study with preschool children involved them observing an adult acting aggressively toward a toy doll.

True Signup and view all the answers

After seeing the adult's actions, the children subsequently acted out their frustrations on broken toys.

False Signup and view all the answers

In Bandura's study, the children were first granted access to new toys before being taken to a room full of broken toys.

True Signup and view all the answers

High school students were incentivized with $50 for every A they received.

True Signup and view all the answers

After experiencing the reward system in high school, students continued to strive for academic success in college.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning

Acquiring new information and behaviors through experience
Enables adaptation to our environment
Takes an average of 66 days to learn a new habit

Behaviorism

Psychology should study observable behavior
Developed by John B. Watson
Focuses on external behaviors without considering internal mental processes

Associative Learning

Learning that certain events occur together

Ivan Pavlov

Russian physiologist
Studied Digestion for which he won the Nobel Prize
Initially wanted to be a priest, but studied medicine
Accidentally discovered classical conditioning through his studies

Classical Conditioning

A subject learns to associate one stimulus with another stimulus
This association leads to the subject anticipating an event and responding to the first stimulus as if it were the second stimulus
Studied using dogs and saliva

Pavlov's Early Experiment

Fed the dogs with tubes that collected saliva
Harnassed the dogs and measured how much saliva they produced when they ate
Experiment demonstrated classical conditioning

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz explores the essential concepts of learning, behaviorism, and classical conditioning, highlighting key figures such as Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson. It examines how observable behaviors are studied and the mechanisms of associative learning. Test your understanding of how these theories apply to human and animal behavior.

Psychology Learning and Behaviorism Insights

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

What is behaviorism, and who was John B. Watson?

What is associative learning?

What were Ivan Pavlov's background and personal history?

What did Pavlov discover and develop?

How did Pavlov first come across this kind of learning?

Match Pavlov's early experiment that demonstrated classical conditioning with the actions he took with his dogs:

The dogs in Pavlov's experiment salivated only when food was presented to them.

An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that requires prior learning to elicit a response.

Pavlov used distractions such as bells and crickets to condition the dogs to salivate.

In Pavlov's experiment, the powered meat was the unconditioned stimulus.

A conditioned response can occur without any specific previous training.

The dogs had no prior exposure to the sound stimuli used in Pavlov's experiment.

The dogs' salivation was an example of a conditioned response.

Pavlov's experiment demonstrated principles of classical conditioning.

Intrinsic motivation is defined as doing something for its own sake.

The overjustification effect occurs when an external reward decreases intrinsic motivation.

In an experiment, children who were paid to play with toys reported higher enjoyment than those who played without payment.

Children's enjoyment of toys was unaffected by whether they were paid to play with them or not.

Extrinsic motivation can enhance intrinsic motivation in all situations.

Extinction in classical conditioning occurs when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus.

Parents rewarding their children with money for completing chores is an example of the overjustification effect.

A conditioned response can never be extinguished once it has been learned.

The overjustification effect is only relevant in academic settings.

A conditioned stimulus is originally a neutral stimulus that gains the ability to bring about a response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus.

Doing something to avoid punishment is an example of intrinsic motivation.

In Pavlov's experiment, the dogs drooled only in response to the actual food and not in response to the tone.

Spontaneous recovery refers to the permanent loss of a conditioned response.

Pavlov's original experiment with dogs demonstrated that withholding food would lead to the elimination of the conditioned response.

A conditioned response is an automatic, natural reaction that occurs without learning.

The term 'conditioned' refers to responses that are built-in or natural.

Generalization occurs when a response is conditioned to a specific stimulus and is also elicited by similar stimuli.

The food served as the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiments, causing an unlearned response.

Smell has no influence on emotional memories associated with relationships.

The concept of extinction is unrelated to classical conditioning processes.

Pavlov's experiment involved modifying the behavior of dogs through the introduction of a visual stimulus.

A previously neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus after it is paired repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus.

A distinct smell can serve as a conditioned stimulus in associative learning.

In Pavlov's experiment, the dogs learned to associate the tone with food and began to drool at the sound of the tone alone.

Albert Bandura extensively studied observational learning through his famous experiments.

The children in Bandura's study were rewarded for mimicking an adult's aggressive behavior.

Observational learning is a process that only occurs in childhood.

Bandura's study with preschool children involved them observing an adult acting aggressively toward a toy doll.

After seeing the adult's actions, the children subsequently acted out their frustrations on broken toys.

In Bandura's study, the children were first granted access to new toys before being taken to a room full of broken toys.

High school students were incentivized with $50 for every A they received.

After experiencing the reward system in high school, students continued to strive for academic success in college.

Study Notes

Learning

Behaviorism

Associative Learning

Ivan Pavlov

Classical Conditioning

Pavlov's Early Experiment

Studying That Suits You

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