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Questions and Answers
What is behaviorism, and who was John B. Watson?
What is behaviorism, and who was John B. Watson?
Behaviorism is the view advocated by John B. Watson that psychology should be an objective science that studies directly observable external behavior without considering internal mental processes.
What is associative learning?
What is associative learning?
Learning that certain events occur together.
What were Ivan Pavlov's background and personal history?
What were Ivan Pavlov's background and personal history?
He was a Russian who wanted to be a Russian orthodox priest, but he went to med school instead. He studied digestion and won the Nobel Prize for medicine.
What did Pavlov discover and develop?
What did Pavlov discover and develop?
How did Pavlov first come across this kind of learning?
How did Pavlov first come across this kind of learning?
Match Pavlov's early experiment that demonstrated classical conditioning with the actions he took with his dogs:
Match Pavlov's early experiment that demonstrated classical conditioning with the actions he took with his dogs:
The dogs in Pavlov's experiment salivated only when food was presented to them.
The dogs in Pavlov's experiment salivated only when food was presented to them.
An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that requires prior learning to elicit a response.
An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that requires prior learning to elicit a response.
Pavlov used distractions such as bells and crickets to condition the dogs to salivate.
Pavlov used distractions such as bells and crickets to condition the dogs to salivate.
In Pavlov's experiment, the powered meat was the unconditioned stimulus.
In Pavlov's experiment, the powered meat was the unconditioned stimulus.
A conditioned response can occur without any specific previous training.
A conditioned response can occur without any specific previous training.
The dogs had no prior exposure to the sound stimuli used in Pavlov's experiment.
The dogs had no prior exposure to the sound stimuli used in Pavlov's experiment.
The dogs' salivation was an example of a conditioned response.
The dogs' salivation was an example of a conditioned response.
Pavlov's experiment demonstrated principles of classical conditioning.
Pavlov's experiment demonstrated principles of classical conditioning.
Intrinsic motivation is defined as doing something for its own sake.
Intrinsic motivation is defined as doing something for its own sake.
The overjustification effect occurs when an external reward decreases intrinsic motivation.
The overjustification effect occurs when an external reward decreases intrinsic motivation.
In an experiment, children who were paid to play with toys reported higher enjoyment than those who played without payment.
In an experiment, children who were paid to play with toys reported higher enjoyment than those who played without payment.
Children's enjoyment of toys was unaffected by whether they were paid to play with them or not.
Children's enjoyment of toys was unaffected by whether they were paid to play with them or not.
Extrinsic motivation can enhance intrinsic motivation in all situations.
Extrinsic motivation can enhance intrinsic motivation in all situations.
Extinction in classical conditioning occurs when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus.
Extinction in classical conditioning occurs when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus.
Parents rewarding their children with money for completing chores is an example of the overjustification effect.
Parents rewarding their children with money for completing chores is an example of the overjustification effect.
A conditioned response can never be extinguished once it has been learned.
A conditioned response can never be extinguished once it has been learned.
The overjustification effect is only relevant in academic settings.
The overjustification effect is only relevant in academic settings.
A conditioned stimulus is originally a neutral stimulus that gains the ability to bring about a response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
A conditioned stimulus is originally a neutral stimulus that gains the ability to bring about a response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
Doing something to avoid punishment is an example of intrinsic motivation.
Doing something to avoid punishment is an example of intrinsic motivation.
In Pavlov's experiment, the dogs drooled only in response to the actual food and not in response to the tone.
In Pavlov's experiment, the dogs drooled only in response to the actual food and not in response to the tone.
Spontaneous recovery refers to the permanent loss of a conditioned response.
Spontaneous recovery refers to the permanent loss of a conditioned response.
Pavlov's original experiment with dogs demonstrated that withholding food would lead to the elimination of the conditioned response.
Pavlov's original experiment with dogs demonstrated that withholding food would lead to the elimination of the conditioned response.
A conditioned response is an automatic, natural reaction that occurs without learning.
A conditioned response is an automatic, natural reaction that occurs without learning.
The term 'conditioned' refers to responses that are built-in or natural.
The term 'conditioned' refers to responses that are built-in or natural.
Generalization occurs when a response is conditioned to a specific stimulus and is also elicited by similar stimuli.
Generalization occurs when a response is conditioned to a specific stimulus and is also elicited by similar stimuli.
The food served as the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiments, causing an unlearned response.
The food served as the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiments, causing an unlearned response.
Smell has no influence on emotional memories associated with relationships.
Smell has no influence on emotional memories associated with relationships.
The concept of extinction is unrelated to classical conditioning processes.
The concept of extinction is unrelated to classical conditioning processes.
Pavlov's experiment involved modifying the behavior of dogs through the introduction of a visual stimulus.
Pavlov's experiment involved modifying the behavior of dogs through the introduction of a visual stimulus.
A previously neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus after it is paired repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus.
A previously neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus after it is paired repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus.
A distinct smell can serve as a conditioned stimulus in associative learning.
A distinct smell can serve as a conditioned stimulus in associative learning.
In Pavlov's experiment, the dogs learned to associate the tone with food and began to drool at the sound of the tone alone.
In Pavlov's experiment, the dogs learned to associate the tone with food and began to drool at the sound of the tone alone.
Albert Bandura extensively studied observational learning through his famous experiments.
Albert Bandura extensively studied observational learning through his famous experiments.
The children in Bandura's study were rewarded for mimicking an adult's aggressive behavior.
The children in Bandura's study were rewarded for mimicking an adult's aggressive behavior.
Observational learning is a process that only occurs in childhood.
Observational learning is a process that only occurs in childhood.
Bandura's study with preschool children involved them observing an adult acting aggressively toward a toy doll.
Bandura's study with preschool children involved them observing an adult acting aggressively toward a toy doll.
After seeing the adult's actions, the children subsequently acted out their frustrations on broken toys.
After seeing the adult's actions, the children subsequently acted out their frustrations on broken toys.
In Bandura's study, the children were first granted access to new toys before being taken to a room full of broken toys.
In Bandura's study, the children were first granted access to new toys before being taken to a room full of broken toys.
High school students were incentivized with $50 for every A they received.
High school students were incentivized with $50 for every A they received.
After experiencing the reward system in high school, students continued to strive for academic success in college.
After experiencing the reward system in high school, students continued to strive for academic success in college.
Study Notes
Learning
- Acquiring new information and behaviors through experience
- Enables adaptation to our environment
- Takes an average of 66 days to learn a new habit
Behaviorism
- Psychology should study observable behavior
- Developed by John B. Watson
- Focuses on external behaviors without considering internal mental processes
Associative Learning
- Learning that certain events occur together
Ivan Pavlov
- Russian physiologist
- Studied Digestion for which he won the Nobel Prize
- Initially wanted to be a priest, but studied medicine
- Accidentally discovered classical conditioning through his studies
Classical Conditioning
- A subject learns to associate one stimulus with another stimulus
- This association leads to the subject anticipating an event and responding to the first stimulus as if it were the second stimulus
- Studied using dogs and saliva
Pavlov's Early Experiment
- Fed the dogs with tubes that collected saliva
- Harnassed the dogs and measured how much saliva they produced when they ate
- Experiment demonstrated classical conditioning
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Description
This quiz explores the essential concepts of learning, behaviorism, and classical conditioning, highlighting key figures such as Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson. It examines how observable behaviors are studied and the mechanisms of associative learning. Test your understanding of how these theories apply to human and animal behavior.
