Questions and Answers
Charles Darwin on the Origin of Species had its strongest influence on the school of thought called?
According to the concept of the survival of the fittest, what is likely to happen to organisms that are best adapted to their environment?
They are most likely to survive.
What does dualism in psychology refer to?
The mind and brain are separate entities.
What is the basis of Gestalt theory?
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In the nature vs nurture debate, the term nature refers to the question of how __________ factors affect the mind, brain, and behavior.
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In the scientific method, what is a set of interconnected ideas or concepts called?
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Who developed psychoanalysis as a type of psychological treatment?
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Who was the philosopher that promoted dualism as an explanation of the mind and body problem?
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What is the best definition of psychology?
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What psychological approach emphasizes the role of the environment in influencing behavior?
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Which sampling technique gives each member of the population an equal chance of being selected to participate?
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With respect to the nature/nurture debate, psychologists now believe that __________ are important in understanding the mind, brain, and behavior.
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What best captures the historical trends in cognitive psychology?
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What is a testable, specific prediction in scientific research?
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Who is most closely associated with the study of the unconscious?
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In an experiment, what is the independent variable?
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If a researcher wants to generalize about a population using data pulled from a sample, what sampling method is best to use?
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What does informed consent mean in research?
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Who established the first psychology lab, marking the beginning of experimental psychology?
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Study Notes
Understanding Key Psychological Concepts
- Charles Darwin's theory significantly influenced Functionalism, which explores how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment.
- The concept of survival of the fittest posits that organisms best suited to their surroundings have the highest likelihood of survival.
Dualism and Gestalt Theory
- Dualism asserts that the mind and brain exist as separate entities, a concept historically linked to René Descartes.
- Gestalt theory emphasizes that perception is more than just an aggregation of sensory inputs; it posits that the whole is different from the sum of its parts.
Nature vs. Nurture
- In the nature vs. nurture debate, nature pertains to biological factors influencing the mind, brain, and behavior.
- Current psychological consensus indicates that both nature and nurture are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of mental processes.
The Scientific Method in Psychology
- A theory represents a set of interconnected concepts explaining phenomena within psychology.
- A hypothesis is defined as a testable, specific prediction that can be empirically examined.
Key Psychological Theories and Practices
- Psychoanalysis, developed by Sigmund Freud, aims to treat mental disorders by resolving unconscious conflicts.
- Behaviorism focuses on how the environment shapes behavior, minimizing the influence of internal mental states.
Research Methods in Psychology
- Random sampling ensures that every member of a population has an equal chance of selection, enhancing study validity.
- In experiments, the independent variable is the factor that researchers intentionally manipulate to observe effects.
Ethical Considerations in Research
- Informed consent requires that participants are adequately informed about research details and have the autonomy to decide on their involvement.
Historical Milestones
- Wilhelm Wundt is credited with founding the first psychology lab, marking the advent of experimental psychology.
- The trajectory of cognitive psychology has evolved from a focus solely on the mind to a comprehensive consideration of both the mind and brain.
Key Figures to Remember
- Sigmund Freud is notable for his contributions to unconscious processes and psychoanalysis.
- René Descartes is recognized for promoting dualism, significantly impacting early philosophical and psychological thought.
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Description
This quiz covers essential psychological theories such as Functionalism, Dualism, Gestalt Theory, and the Nature vs. Nurture debate. Explore how these concepts shape our understanding of mental processes and the scientific approach within psychology.
