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Questions and Answers
What is the main objective of occupational health?
What is the main objective of occupational health?
- To provide free healthcare to all employees
- To promote and maintain the highest physical, mental, and social well-being of workers (correct)
- To reduce the number of working hours for employees
- To maximize profits for the company
According to WHO (1981), what are some of the contextual factors contributing to job stress among health professionals?
According to WHO (1981), what are some of the contextual factors contributing to job stress among health professionals?
- Low demands, absence of role models, temporal limitations
- High demands, absence of role models, temporal limitations (correct)
- High demands, presence of role models, unlimited time
- Low demands, abundance of role models, unlimited time
What are some of the factors related to patients that contribute to job stress among health professionals?
What are some of the factors related to patients that contribute to job stress among health professionals?
- Certainty of medical prognosis, biological and psychological impairment, dependence
- Uncertainty of medical prognosis, biological and psychological impairment, dependence (correct)
- Certainty of medical prognosis, absence of impairment, independence
- Uncertainty of medical prognosis, absence of impairment, independence
How does job stress impact health professionals’ social networks?
How does job stress impact health professionals’ social networks?
What does occupational health aim to prevent?
What does occupational health aim to prevent?
According to WHO (1959), what is the main objective of occupational health?
According to WHO (1959), what is the main objective of occupational health?
What are some consequences of job stress?
What are some consequences of job stress?
What does job stress do to our feeling of value to society?
What does job stress do to our feeling of value to society?
What are the three components of burnout syndrome according to Maslach?
What are the three components of burnout syndrome according to Maslach?
What did Edelwich & Brodsky identify as the stages of burnout?
What did Edelwich & Brodsky identify as the stages of burnout?
What is the main difference between stress and burnout?
What is the main difference between stress and burnout?
What is the purpose of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)?
What is the purpose of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)?
What are some consequences of burnout mentioned in the text?
What are some consequences of burnout mentioned in the text?
What are the characteristics of the 'distancing' stage of burnout according to Edelwich & Brodsky?
What are the characteristics of the 'distancing' stage of burnout according to Edelwich & Brodsky?
What is the key characteristic of emotional exhaustion in burnout syndrome?
What is the key characteristic of emotional exhaustion in burnout syndrome?
What is depersonalization in the context of burnout?
What is depersonalization in the context of burnout?
What are the recommended lifestyle changes for preventing burnout?
What are the recommended lifestyle changes for preventing burnout?
How does burnout differ from stress in terms of its impact on individuals?
How does burnout differ from stress in terms of its impact on individuals?
What are the possible laboral consequences of burnout?
What are the possible laboral consequences of burnout?
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Study Notes
- Cristina Maslach introduced the term "burnout" at the Annual Congress of American Psychology Association in 1976.
- Burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment among individuals who do "people work."
- Burnout represents erosion in value, dignity, spirit, and will, a malady that spreads gradually over time.
- Staff members suffering from burnout may display cynical and callous attitudes towards those they serve.
- Stress and burnout are different: stress leads to distress which could result in burnout, while stress is a state of physical and psychological hyperactivation, burnout produces helplessness.
- Burnout has three components: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment.
- Emotional exhaustion is characterized by loss of emotional resources and energy.
- Depersonalization involves negative attitude and cynical responses towards clients.
- Personal accomplishment is marked by reduced personal realization and loss of self-confidence.
- Maslach also developed the Burnout Inventory (MBI) to measure burnout, consisting of 22 questions with five graded Likert-type answers and three subscales.
- Edelwich & Brodsky identified five stages of burnout: enthusiasm, stagnation, frustration, apathy, and distancing.
- In each stage, specific characteristics are present: idealism, disconnecting, reality-expectations confrontation, performance does not matter, and lack of emotional and labor adherence to the profession.
- Burnout has several consequences: personal (chronic fatigue, headaches, sleeping problems, etc.), psychological (irritability, aggressivity, low concentration, etc.), laboral (absenteeism, productivity decrease, etc.), and social (family problems, isolation, etc.).
- Prevention and treatment of burnout include personal lifestyle changes (proper sleeping and resting time, eating properly, etc.), labor lifestyle adjustments (establishing realistic objectives and goals, improving relationships, etc.), and work organization improvements (creating a healthy job environment, promoting democratic leadership, etc.).
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