Psychology Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
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Questions and Answers

What is the cognitive component of attitude?

  • A belief or description of how things are (correct)
  • An emotional feeling towards a subject
  • An intention to behave in a certain way
  • A strong preference for an action

    • Which of the following best describes job satisfaction?

  • A negative evaluative statement about one's job
  • A positive feeling about one’s job characteristics (correct)
  • An obligation to remain with the organization
  • The economic value perceived for staying at a job

    • Which of the following is a form of organizational commitment?

  • Affective commitment (correct)
  • Cognitive commitment
  • Behavioral commitment
  • Situational commitment

    • Which statement reflects the affective component of an attitude?

    <p>I am excited about the new project.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive dissonance refer to?

    <p>Incompatibility between attitudes or between attitudes and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically measured by job involvement?

    <p>Psychological identification with one’s job</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of commitment involves an employee's perception of economic value for staying?

    <p>Continuance commitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically influences the level of effort expended to reduce cognitive dissonance?

    <p>The significance of the conflicting elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily influences job satisfaction according to the provided information?

    <p>Interaction with bosses and co-workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method uses a standardized scale to measure job satisfaction based on specific job elements?

    <p>Summation Score Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these factors is NOT considered a core element of job satisfaction?

    <p>Job security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior might an employee exhibit if they decide to remain with a company while hoping for improvement in conditions?

    <p>Loyalty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which outcome is NOT a benefit of enhanced job satisfaction?

    <p>Higher turnover rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should managers take to promote employee job satisfaction?

    <p>Make the work challenging and interesting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of understanding employee attitudes?

    <p>They forecast potential problems and influence behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of jobs tend to satisfy most employees?

    <p>Interesting jobs that provide training, variety, and control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an attitude involves a belief regarding the way things are?

    <p>Cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Job involvement measures the degree to which individuals identify with their jobs as part of their self-worth.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define job satisfaction.

    <p>A positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive dissonance refers to the perceived incompatibility between two or more ________ or between behavior and attitudes.

    <p>attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of organizational commitment with its definition:

    <p>Affective commitment = Emotional attachment to the organization Continuance commitment = Perceived economic value of staying Normative commitment = Obligation to remain for moral reasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains behavior in relation to attitudes?

    <p>Behavior influences attitudes and can lead to changes in beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Job satisfaction is solely determined by the financial compensation an employee receives.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is organizational commitment?

    <p>A state in which an employee identifies with a particular organization and wishes to maintain membership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Single Global Rating Method?

    <p>To assess job satisfaction through a series of general questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pay increases satisfaction indefinitely as salary rises.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two methods used to measure job satisfaction.

    <p>Single Global Rating Method and Summation Score Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Factors such as __________, social support, and control satisfy most employees.

    <p>training and variety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way employees can respond to unsatisfactory conditions?

    <p>Opposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following job satisfaction elements with their descriptions:

    <p>Work itself = Task variety and responsibility Supervision = Quality of managerial guidance Co-workers = Relationship and collaboration with peers Promotion = Opportunities for advancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High pay alone is sufficient to create job satisfaction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What personality trait is closely related to job satisfaction?

    <p>Positive core self-evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Attitudes

    • Attitudes are evaluative statements, positive or negative, about objects, people, or events.
    • They reflect feelings; the reasoning behind them may be unclear.
    • Three components: Cognitive (beliefs), Affective (feelings), Behavioral (intentions).
    • Example: Cognitive ("My pay is low."), Affective ("I'm angry."), Behavioral ("I'll look for another job.").
    • Leon Festinger's theory suggests attitudes follow behavior; individuals adjust their statements to align with actions.
    • Cognitive dissonance: incompatibility between attitudes or between attitudes and behavior. The importance of the elements, degree of influence, and rewards involved affect how much effort is spent resolving dissonance.

    Job Attitudes

    • Job satisfaction: Positive feeling about one's job based on evaluating its characteristics.
    • Job involvement: Degree of psychological identification with one's job and its impact on self-worth.
    • Organizational commitment: Identifying with an organization's goals and wishing to remain a member. This includes affective (emotional attachment), continuance (economic value of staying), and normative (moral obligation) commitment.
    • Perceived organizational support (POS): Employees' belief that the organization values their contributions and well-being.

    Measuring Job Satisfaction

    • Single global rating: Uses a few general questions to assess overall job satisfaction.
    • Summation score: Identifies key job elements, rates employee feelings about each on a scale, and totals for an overall score.

    Causes of Job Satisfaction

    • Interesting work (training, variety, independence, support, control) is a key factor.
    • Pay satisfaction plateaus beyond a certain level; it motivates but doesn't guarantee happiness.
    • Positive core self-evaluation (belief in one's competence) strongly relates to job satisfaction.

    Responses to Job Dissatisfaction

    • Exit: Leaving the organization.
    • Voice: Trying to improve conditions.
    • Loyalty: Waiting for conditions to improve.
    • Neglect: Allowing conditions to worsen.

    Outcomes of Job Satisfaction

    • Improved job performance.
    • Increased organizational citizenship behavior (helping beyond required duties).
    • Higher customer satisfaction.
    • Reduced absenteeism and turnover.
    • Less workplace deviance (theft, substance abuse, etc.).

    Managerial Implications

    • Employee attitudes signal potential problems and influence behavior.
    • High pay alone is insufficient for satisfaction; challenging, interesting work is crucial.
    • Job satisfaction is linked to organizational effectiveness.

    Project: Measuring Job Satisfaction

    • Develop questions about job attitudes and satisfaction.
    • Interview three employees (managerial, rank-and-file, janitorial) and measure their job satisfaction using either the single global rating or summation score method.
    • Present findings (PowerPoint and written report) on September 11th, with a 10-minute presentation on September 14th.

    Attitudes

    • Attitudes are evaluative statements, favorable or unfavorable, about objects, people, or events.
    • They reflect how someone feels about something.
    • Attitudes have three components:
      • Cognitive: a description or belief (e.g., "My pay is low.")
      • Affective: the emotional feeling (e.g., "I am angry about my low pay.")
      • Behavioral: an intention to behave in a certain way (e.g., "I'm going to look for a better-paying job.")
    • Leon Festinger's theory suggests attitudes may follow behavior; people adjust their statements to align with their actions.
    • Cognitive dissonance is the incompatibility between attitudes or between behavior and attitudes. The importance of the elements, degree of influence, and rewards involved affect efforts to reduce dissonance.

    Job Attitudes

    • Job Satisfaction: Positive feeling about one's job based on evaluating its characteristics.
    • Job Involvement: Psychological identification with one's job and its perceived impact on self-worth.
    • Organizational Commitment: Identification with and desire to maintain membership in an organization. This includes:
      • Affective commitment: emotional attachment and belief in the organization's value.
      • Continuance commitment: perceived economic value of staying.
      • Normative commitment: obligation to remain due to moral or ethical reasons.
    • Perceived organizational support (POS) is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contributions and well-being.
    • Measuring job satisfaction:
      • Single global rating method: uses a few general questions.
      • Summation score method: identifies key elements, asks about feelings toward each, and tallies responses.

    Causes of Job Satisfaction

    • Interesting, challenging work providing training, variety, independence, social support, and control contributes to satisfaction.
    • Pay, beyond a certain level, doesn't significantly increase satisfaction, though it's still a motivator.
    • Positive core self-evaluation (belief in one's worth and competence) strongly influences job satisfaction.

    Responses to Job Dissatisfaction

    • Exit: leaving the organization.
    • Voice: attempting to improve conditions.
    • Loyalty: waiting for conditions to improve.
    • Neglect: allowing conditions to worsen.

    Outcomes of Job Satisfaction

    • Increased job performance.
    • Organizational citizenship behaviors.
    • Higher customer satisfaction.
    • Reduced absenteeism and turnover.
    • Less workplace deviance (e.g., theft, substance abuse).

    Managerial Implications

    • Managers should monitor employee attitudes as warnings of potential problems and because attitudes influence behavior.
    • High pay alone isn't enough for satisfaction; challenging and interesting work is crucial.
    • Job satisfaction is linked to organizational effectiveness.

    Project Assignment

    • Prepare questions about job attitudes and satisfaction.
    • Interview three employees (managerial, rank-and-file, and janitorial) and measure their job satisfaction using either the single global rating or summation score method. Present findings in a PowerPoint presentation and written report by September 11th. Presentations are scheduled for September 14th (10 minutes each).

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    Chapter 2 Attitudes & Job Satisfaction PDF

    Description

    Explore the various components of attitudes including cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects. This quiz delves into job attitudes, such as job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment, while also examining Leon Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory. Test your understanding of how attitudes influence behavior in the workplace.

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