Psychology Introduction and Key Concepts

The authentic and genuine sense of identity, characterized by spontaneity, creativity, autonomy, and inner security.

A defensive response developed from rejection, neglect, or inconsistent caregiving; a mask hiding true feelings to gain approval.

Interactions with primary caregivers, heavily influencing the development of the true and false self.

The essential feelings and desires necessary for healthy self-development.

Caregiving that is responsive and sensitive to the infant's emotional needs.

Regular and predictable care providing a sense of security and trust.

The theory proposes that early caregiving experiences shape the development of the true and false self.

The individual's feelings of reality, connection with others and their own body.

Part of the personality that seeks immediate gratification and pleasure, often disregarding consequences.

Part of the personality that mediates between the id's desires and the superego's moral standards, considering reality.

Part of the personality that represents internalized moral standards and ideals, often leading to feelings of guilt or pride.

When the id's impulsive desires significantly influence behavior, often at the expense of rational thought and social norms.

When the ego's focus on rational thought and reality testing outweighs emotional expression, potentially leading to suppression of feelings.

When the superego's emphasis on moral ideals leads to perfectionistic tendencies, excessive self-criticism, and high guilt.

A balanced personality reflecting the ego's effective moderation between the id, superego, and reality.

Conflict arising from disagreements in a relationship, influenced by the interplay of the id, ego, and superego.

Decisions related to money often influenced by the competing forces of immediate gratification, long-term goals, and moral/social expectations.

Personality resulting from an imbalance amongst the id, ego, and superego, leading to unhealthy or problematic behavior.

The natural tendency of all living things to grow and reach their full potential. In humans, it involves expressing ourselves creatively and achieving our goals.

Who you truly are, your authentic personality and characteristics, based on your experiences and perceptions.

The person you aspire to be, your goals, dreams, and aspirations for the future.

A state of alignment between your real self and ideal self, meaning you feel true to yourself and your goals.

A mismatch between your real self and ideal self, leading to feelings of frustration, anxiety, and a sense of being out of touch with yourself.

Being accepted and valued for who you are, without any conditions or expectations. It's like feeling loved and respected for simply being yourself.

Love and acceptance that are contingent on meeting certain expectations or conditions set by others. This can lead to self-doubt and a feeling of needing to please.

The ability to exert influence over your own actions and behaviors. This means taking control and making choices in your life.

The belief in your own abilities and capabilities to achieve your goals. It's about having confidence in yourself to succeed.

A famous experiment by Albert Bandura that demonstrated how children learn aggressive behaviors by observing others.

Psychology is the study of human behavior and mental processes. It seeks to understand, explain, predict, and modify these aspects.

The four goals of psychology are to Describe, Explain, Predict, and Modify human behavior. It aims to understand what, why, when, and how we act.

William James divided the self into two parts: the 'I-Self' (the thinking, conscious self) and the 'Me-Self' (the empirical self, comprised of material, social, and spiritual aspects).

The Material Self encompasses all things that belong to us, including our body, possessions, and even family.

The Social Self represents how we behave and present ourselves in different social situations.

The Spiritual Self is our core identity, encompassing values, beliefs, and our sense of self.

Carl Rogers believed in an 'actualizing tendency' in humans, where they naturally strive to reach their full potential.

This refers to a natural drive within humans to develop their abilities and become the best versions of themselves.

Autonomy refers to the ability to make independent choices and act upon them. In Rogers' theory, it relates to individuals becoming self-directed and fulfilling their potential.

Psychology helps us understand ourselves, others, and the world around us. It offers insights into human behavior, motivation, and mental health, enabling us to live better lives.

Creating logical explanations to justify behaviors that conflict with our values, reducing guilt or anxiety.

Performing rituals or actions to cancel out previous unwanted thoughts or actions.

Reverting to childish behaviors when stressed or anxious.

The part of our mind holding internalized moral standards and ideals, learned from our parents and society.

Part of the Superego, it stores information about behaviors considered 'bad' by parents and society.