Psychology: Intelligence Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of intelligence?

The ability to learn from experience and solve problems. (correct)

The sum of a person's knowledge.

A measure of academic success.

The ability to memorize information.

What does Spearman's Two Factor Theory propose?

Certain factors underlie specific mental abilities, measured by activities on an intelligence test.

What is factor analysis?

A statistical method used to determine correlations between items forming a cluster.

What does the S Factor represent?

A specific factor tied to a specific area of function. Signup and view all the answers

What is the G Factor?

A general factor relating to all clusters of function. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Howard Gardner?

He proposed a theory dividing intelligence into eight separate parts. Signup and view all the answers

What model did Stephen Ceci propose?

The bio-ecological model of intelligence. Signup and view all the answers

Define emotional intelligence.

The ability to process emotion in thinking or reasoning. Signup and view all the answers

What is social intelligence?

The ability to function in social settings. Signup and view all the answers

Define wisdom.

The ability to make sound judgments. Signup and view all the answers

What is creativity?

The ability to generate original, creative ideas. Signup and view all the answers

What are personality characteristics in the context of intelligence?

Intelligence is the cognitive part of personality. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Alfred Binet?

The father of IQ tests. Signup and view all the answers

What is an intelligence test?

A method of assessing an individual's mental aptitudes using numerical scoring. Signup and view all the answers

What does the psychometric approach measure?

Intelligence through psychological testing. Signup and view all the answers

Define mental age.

The intellectual age at which a person is functioning. Signup and view all the answers

What is the intelligence quotient?

The ratio of mental age to actual age multiplied by 100. Signup and view all the answers

What is standardization in testing?

The use of uniform principles to ensure consistent functioning across different groups. Signup and view all the answers

What does reliability of a test refer to?

Consistency in measurement. Signup and view all the answers

What does validity of a test mean?

Accuracy of measurement. Signup and view all the answers

What is content validity?

How well a test measures what it was intended to measure. Signup and view all the answers

Define validity coefficient.

The correlation between measurement scores and an external criterion. Signup and view all the answers

What is normal distribution?

A symmetrical bell curve that describes many psychological attributes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Woodcock IQ Test known for?

It is the most popular current IQ test. Signup and view all the answers

IQ tests have low degrees of reliability.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the Flynn Effect?

The rise of average IQ scores over time worldwide. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between genetics and IQ?

IQ is tied to biological family. Signup and view all the answers

What do studies on genetic influence imply about IQ scores?

People who are the most genetically similar have the most similar IQ scores. Signup and view all the answers

What are the best predictors of IQ?

Socioeconomic status and Mother's IQ. Signup and view all the answers

How is brain size related to intelligence?

General intelligence is often associated with the number of neurons in the frontal lobe. Signup and view all the answers

What does brain speed refer to?

How fast the brain will respond to stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What is electroencephalography?

The quickest accurate perception of a picture related to higher intelligence scores. Signup and view all the answers

Define nerve conduction velocity.

The speed of impulses across synapses. Signup and view all the answers

What do PET scans reveal about brain activity?

They show differences in glucose metabolism between active and inactive brain areas. Signup and view all the answers

What are group differences in intelligence?

Differences between groups and environmental impacts that can affect intelligence. Signup and view all the answers

What is stereotype threat?

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based upon a negative stereotype. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intelligence

Intelligence encompasses the ability to learn from experiences and solve problems, adapting knowledge to new situations.

Spearman's Two Factor Theory

Proposes that specific mental abilities are underlined by certain factors, measurable through intelligence tests.

Factor Analysis

A statistical technique to identify correlations between items, forming clusters of related abilities.

S Factor

Represents a specific factor associated with a particular area of function in intelligence.

G Factor

Denotes a general factor that links various clusters of cognitive abilities.

Howard Gardner

Developed a theory categorizing intelligence into eight distinct types: Linguistic, Logical-Mathematical, Musical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Naturalist.

Stephen Ceci

Introduced the bio-ecological model of intelligence, highlighting the interplay of biological potential, environment, and motivation.

Emotional Intelligence

Refers to the capacity to process and utilize emotions in reasoning and decision-making.

The skill to navigate and function effectively in social contexts.

Wisdom

Defines the capability to make sound and judicious judgments over time.

Creativity

The ability to originate innovative and original ideas.

Personality Characteristics

Intelligence functions as the cognitive aspect of an individual's personality.

Alfred Binet

Recognized as the father of IQ tests, contributing significantly to intelligence assessment.

Intelligence Test

A tool for evaluating mental aptitudes, providing numeric comparisons to normative data.

Psychometric Approach

Involves quantifying intelligence via psychological testing methodologies.

Mental Age

Indicates the intellectual capabilities at which an individual operates.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Calculated as the ratio of mental age to chronological age, multiplied by 100.

Standardization

Ensures uniform test application across diverse groups, resulting in a normal distribution of scores.

Reliability of a Test

Assesses the consistency and repeatability of measurement outcomes.

Validity of a Test

Measures the accuracy of an assessment in fulfilling its intended purpose.

Content Validity

Evaluates how precisely a test gauges what it is designed to measure.

Validity Coefficient

Correlational metric linking measurement scores with external criteria.

Normal Distribution

Describes a bell-shaped curve of scores, where most data points cluster around the average.

Woodcock IQ Test

A prominent and widely used test for measuring intelligence today.

Effectiveness of IQ Tests

High reliability and predictive ability regarding academic performance with a strong correlation to educational attainment.

Flynn Effect

Observes an increase in average IQ scores globally over time.

Genetics and IQ

Intelligence is associated with biological family lineage, indicating genetic influences.

Studies on Genetic Influence

Research shows genetically similar individuals tend to have similar IQ scores.

Best Predictors of IQ

Socioeconomic status and maternal IQ are significant predictors of an individual's intelligence.

Brain Size

Larger brain size, particularly in the frontal lobe, correlates with higher general intelligence.

Brain Speed

Refers to the velocity of the brain's response to stimuli, indicating cognitive processing ability.

Electroencephalography

Highlights that quicker perception of stimuli relates to higher intelligence scores.

Nerve Conduction Velocity

Describes the rapidity of impulse transmission across synapses, impacting cognitive function.

PET Scans

Used to identify functional differences in brain metabolism, demonstrating varying activity patterns during various cognitive tasks.

Group Differences

Environmental factors contribute to cognitive differences observed between various groups.

Stereotype Threat

A phenomenon where individuals fear being judged based on negative stereotypes, potentially impacting performance.

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Description

Explore key concepts related to intelligence in psychology through flashcards. This quiz covers definitions and theories, including Spearman's Two Factor Theory and Factor Analysis, helping you to understand the foundations of intelligence measurement. Perfect for students studying psychology and preparing for exams.