Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which trait describes individuals who are organized and detail-oriented?
Which trait describes individuals who are organized and detail-oriented?
- Conscientiousness (correct)
- Agreeableness
- Extraversion
- Openness to Experience
What is a key characteristic of individuals high in the trait of extraversion?
What is a key characteristic of individuals high in the trait of extraversion?
- Energetic and sociable (correct)
- Preference for solitude
- Detail-oriented
- Anxiety and worry
Which trait is associated with a tendency to fantasize and express intellectual curiosity?
Which trait is associated with a tendency to fantasize and express intellectual curiosity?
- Openness to Experience (correct)
- Agreeableness
- Conscientiousness
- Neuroticism
What describes individuals low in agreeableness?
What describes individuals low in agreeableness?
Which of the following traits is associated with high emotional stability?
Which of the following traits is associated with high emotional stability?
Individuals who are thrill-seekers and open-minded are typically high in which trait?
Individuals who are thrill-seekers and open-minded are typically high in which trait?
What facet is not associated with neuroticism?
What facet is not associated with neuroticism?
Which language was used in the development of the MAPA NG LOOB assessment?
Which language was used in the development of the MAPA NG LOOB assessment?
Which aspect of the Big Five refers to the enjoyment of new experiences and artistic inclination?
Which aspect of the Big Five refers to the enjoyment of new experiences and artistic inclination?
Who proposed the concept of intelligence having both a general and specific form?
Who proposed the concept of intelligence having both a general and specific form?
What is the primary disadvantage of relying solely on IQ as a measure of intelligence?
What is the primary disadvantage of relying solely on IQ as a measure of intelligence?
In Howard Gardner's theory, what concept describes the notion that each individual has different strengths and weaknesses in intelligence?
In Howard Gardner's theory, what concept describes the notion that each individual has different strengths and weaknesses in intelligence?
Which of the following characteristics is associated with the trait of Agreeableness in the Big Five model?
Which of the following characteristics is associated with the trait of Agreeableness in the Big Five model?
What does the term ‘aptitude’ refer to in the context of intelligence?
What does the term ‘aptitude’ refer to in the context of intelligence?
Which aspect of the Big Five is characterized by traits such as cheerfulness, friendliness, and sociability?
Which aspect of the Big Five is characterized by traits such as cheerfulness, friendliness, and sociability?
What does IQ primarily represent according to the definitions provided?
What does IQ primarily represent according to the definitions provided?
What is one of the limitations of tests that measure multiple intelligences?
What is one of the limitations of tests that measure multiple intelligences?
According to Erich Fromm, how is love defined?
According to Erich Fromm, how is love defined?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with feelings of pleasure when in love?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with feelings of pleasure when in love?
What is one of Robert Sternberg's three components of love?
What is one of Robert Sternberg's three components of love?
Which of the following is NOT one of the requirements of love according to Erich Fromm?
Which of the following is NOT one of the requirements of love according to Erich Fromm?
What role does oxytocin play in the context of love?
What role does oxytocin play in the context of love?
In the context of saying love requires respect, what does respect entail?
In the context of saying love requires respect, what does respect entail?
Which of the following chemicals is involved in feelings of alertness and arousal when in love?
Which of the following chemicals is involved in feelings of alertness and arousal when in love?
What is the definition of personality?
What is the definition of personality?
What statistical technique did Raymond Cattell use to analyze traits?
What statistical technique did Raymond Cattell use to analyze traits?
How many traits did Cattell ultimately reduce to in his final analysis?
How many traits did Cattell ultimately reduce to in his final analysis?
Which of the following terms is NOT associated with personality?
Which of the following terms is NOT associated with personality?
What is the primary focus of the Big Five traits in personality psychology?
What is the primary focus of the Big Five traits in personality psychology?
What do traits exist as, according to the psychological perspective?
What do traits exist as, according to the psychological perspective?
At what age do traits generally tend to stabilize?
At what age do traits generally tend to stabilize?
Which of the following statements about traits is true?
Which of the following statements about traits is true?
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Study Notes
Psychology and the Self
- Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes, encompassing thoughts and emotions.
- Key concepts central to understanding the self include personality, intelligence, and love.
Personality
- Personality consists of a consistent pattern of thoughts, behaviors, and feelings.
- Traits, which are the building blocks of personality, are relatively stable over time and influenced by genetics and situational factors.
- Raymond Cattell identified 18,000 adjectives describing personality traits, narrowing them down to 16 core traits through factor analysis.
- The Big Five traits in personality psychology include:
- Openness to Experience: Includes creativity and curiosity.
- Conscientiousness: Related to organization and reliability.
- Extraversion: Associated with sociability and high energy.
- Agreeableness: Reflects traits of kindness and trustworthiness.
- Neuroticism: Indicates emotional instability and anxiety.
Extraversion
- Extraverts enjoy social interactions; they are outgoing and energetic.
- Introverts prefer solitude and smaller groups, often appearing less energetic.
Open to Experience
- This trait describes individuals who embrace novelty and are open-minded.
- Those low in this trait often resist change and prefer routine.
Conscientiousness
- Conscientious individuals are organized, responsible, and detail-oriented.
- Lower scorers may exhibit impulsivity and carelessness.
Agreeableness
- Agreeable people are good-natured and trusting; they are likely to be altruistic.
- Antagonistic individuals are critical and uncooperative.
Neuroticism
- Individuals high in neuroticism may exhibit anxiety and emotional instability, while those low tend to be calm and resilient.
MAPA NG LOOB
- Developed by Gregorio del Pilar, this model assesses Big Five traits in the Filipino language with aspects corresponding to each trait.
Intelligence
- Defined as the capacity to learn, adapt, and act purposefully, intelligence encompasses aptitudes and achievements.
- Charles Spearman categorized intelligence into a general form and specific forms, represented by IQ scores.
- Howard Gardner proposed the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, recognizing diverse strengths, though assessment remains challenging.
The Biology of Love
- Love is influenced by neurotransmitters:
- Dopamine: Associated with pleasure and motivation.
- Serotonin: Affects feelings of happiness and sadness.
- Norepinephrine: Relates to arousal and alertness.
- Oxytocin: Promotes attachment and intimacy.
- Psychologists Rollo May and Erich Fromm present contrasting views on love as both a feeling and a conscious decision.
Four Requirements of Love (Fromm)
- Knowledge: Deep understanding of a partner.
- Care: Active concern for another’s well-being.
- Respect: Recognition of individuality and rights.
- Responsibility: Accountability for another's welfare.
Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love
- Sternberg identifies three components of love:
- Passion: Romantic and sexual feelings.
- Intimacy: Emotional closeness and connection.
- Commitment: Decision to maintain love over time.
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