Psychology: Identifying Key Traits in the Big Five Personality Model
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Questions and Answers

What is personality defined as in the given text?

  • The sum total of ways in which an individual makes decisions
  • The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. (correct)
  • The sum total of ways in which an individual behaves in a group.
  • The sum total of ways in which an individual thinks and feels.

    • Personality is a static concept.

    False

    What is the primary means of measuring personality according to the text?

    Through self-report surveys

    Personality is influenced by both _______ and environmental factors.

    <p>heredity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Heredity = Refers to those factors that were determined at conception. Environment = Refers to external factors that influence personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring personality in a workplace setting according to the text?

    <p>To forecast who is best for a job.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Big Five personality traits are not relevant to OB.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is conscientiousness most important for in an organizational setting?

    <p>Both front-line employees and managers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emotional stability is most strongly related to job satisfaction and low stress levels.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of values in an organizational behavior (OB) context?

    <p>Values are important in an OB context because they can influence an individual's behavior and job performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one downside of extraversion in the workplace?

    <p>One downside of extraversion in the workplace is that extraverts are more impulsive than introverts, leading to behaviors such as absenteeism, risky behavior, and lying during job interviews.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text defines personality as a ________ concept, meaning it is changing all the time.

    <p>dynamic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals who score high on openness to experience are more likely to be effective leaders and more comfortable with _______________________.

    <p>ambiguity and change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alternative means of measuring personality besides self-report surveys?

    <p>Observer-ratings surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Big Five traits with their related characteristics:

    <p>Conscientiousness = More likely to set high standards and be persistent Emotional Stability = More likely to experience positive emotions and happiness Extraversion = More likely to take charge and be socially dominant Openness to Experience = More creative in science and art</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of individuals who score low on emotional stability?

    <p>They are more likely to be hypervigilant and experience stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Introverts are more likely to engage in risky behavior.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Extraverts are more likely to be _______________________ in their jobs and lives.

    <p>happier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way in which conscientiousness contributes to organizational success?

    <p>Conscientiousness contributes to organizational success through persistence, attention to detail, and setting high standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of extraverts in a group setting?

    <p>They are more likely to take charge and be socially dominant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the comfort level with relationships in the Big Five personality model?

    <p>Extraversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People who score high on conscientiousness are easily distracted and disorganized.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of interests and fascination with novelty in the Big Five personality model?

    <p>Openness to experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Big Five personality model includes the dimension of _______________________, which is a measure of reliability.

    <p>Conscientiousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following traits with their corresponding Big Five personality dimensions:

    <p>Outgoing, assertive, and sociable = Extraversion Responsible, organized, dependable, and persistent = Conscientiousness Calm, self-confident, and secure = Emotional stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Big Five personality model?

    <p>Identifying the primary traits that govern behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research has shown no relationships between the Big Five personality dimensions and job performance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability to withstand stress in the Big Five personality model?

    <p>Emotional stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People who score low on agreeableness tend to be _______________________.

    <p>assertive and competitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of studying the Big Five personality model in the context of job performance?

    <p>To predict job performance based on personality dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of individuals with high agreeableness?

    <p>They tend to do better in interpersonally oriented jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Agreeable individuals are less likely to get into accidents.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for desirable end states of existence?

    <p>Terminal Values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Values have both content and _______________ attributes.

    <p>intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a downside associated with agreeableness?

    <p>Lower levels of career success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disagreeable individuals are more likely to get into accidents.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a person's set of values ranked in terms of intensity?

    <p>Value system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Values have the tendency to be _______________.

    <p>stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Personality Traits

    • Researchers have studied thousands of sets of identical twins separated at birth to identify primary traits that govern behavior.
    • Popular characteristics include shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy, ambitious, loyal, and timid, which are personality traits.

    Big Five Personality Model

    • The five basic dimensions of personality are:
      • Extraversion: comfort level with relationships, being outgoing, assertive, and sociable (extroverts) or reserved, timid, and quiet (introverts).
      • Agreeableness: individual's propensity to defer to others, being cooperative, compassionate, and polite (high agreeableness) or critical, ruthless, and suspicious (low agreeableness).
      • Conscientiousness: measure of reliability, being responsible, organized, dependable, and persistent (high conscientiousness) or easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable (low conscientiousness).
      • Emotional Stability: ability to withstand stress, being calm, self-confident, and secure (high emotional stability) or nervous, anxious, depressed, and insecure (low emotional stability).
      • Openness to Experience: range of interests and fascination with novelty, being creative, curious, and open-minded (high openness) or conventional and comfortable with the familiar (low openness).

    Predicting Behavior at Work

    • Research has shown relationships between the Big Five personality dimensions and job performance.
    • Conscientiousness is crucial for managers and front-line employees, as it predicts job knowledge, persistence, and attention to detail.
    • Emotional stability is strongly related to life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and low stress levels.
    • Extraversion is a strong predictor of leadership emergence, but also associated with impulsiveness and risk-taking behavior.
    • Openness to experience is related to creativity, leadership, and adaptability.

    Defining Personality

    • Personality is a dynamic concept that includes all components of the inner self and their interactions with others.
    • Managers need to measure personality to inform hiring decisions and forecast job performance.
    • Self-report surveys and observer-ratings surveys are common methods of measuring personality.

    Factors Influencing Personality

    • Personality is influenced by both heredity and environment.
    • Heredity refers to factors determined at conception, while environment shapes personality through experiences and interactions.

    Other Personality Traits

    • Agreeable individuals are better liked, more satisfied in their jobs, and contribute to organizational performance, but may have lower levels of career success.
    • People who are open to experience are more creative, adaptable, and effective leaders, but may be more vulnerable to workplace accidents.

    Values

    • Values represent basic convictions in a person, and are stable and influential in attitudes and behaviors.
    • Terminal values refer to desirable end-states of existence, while instrumental values refer to the means of achieving those end-states.
    • Values have both content and intensity attributes, and are important for understanding attitudes and motivation.

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    Description

    Learn about the Big Five personality traits and how they influence behavior. Understand the key characteristics and their implications on organizational decision making.

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