Psychology Group Influence

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Questions and Answers

What is prosocial behavior?

Behavior that involves no interaction with others

Selfish actions that benefit oneself

Positive, constructive, helpful social behavior (correct)

Aggressive or harmful actions towards others

What does social contagion refer to?

The spread of harmful behaviors through imitation (correct)

Increased social interactions within a group

Positive reinforcement in social contexts

Physical proximity to increase friendships

How does ostracism affect individuals?

Enhances their self-control and resilience

Has no significant psychological impact

Encourages stronger social bonds

Causes stress and mimics physical pain (correct)

What effect is associated with the mere presence of weapons according to research?

Heightened aggressive thoughts and behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'functional distance' in the context of friendship and attraction?

The frequency of interactions between individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of exposure to pornography depicting sexual coercion?

Increased likelihood of violent behavior towards women Signup and view all the answers

What are the three emotional components that Sternberg identifies as the foundation of love experiences?

Passion, Intimacy, Commitment Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the need to belong?

Motivation to form ongoing, positive relationships Signup and view all the answers

Which type of love is characterized by intimacy and passion?

Romantic Love Signup and view all the answers

What behavioral change is often observed in individuals after repeated exposure to erotic films?

Increased acceptance of casual sexual encounters Signup and view all the answers

What does 'commitment' refer to in Sternberg's model of love?

The decision to maintain a relationship over time Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon does the 'copycat' effect in television studies refer to?

Children reenacting violent actions seen on TV Signup and view all the answers

How did laws restricting firearms sales impact gun crimes according to studies?

Reduction in incidents of gun crimes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of love represents a combination of passion and commitment without intimacy?

Fatuous Love Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as consummate love in Sternberg's model?

A type of love characterized by all three components Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mindguards within a group?

To protect the group from conflicting information. Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership style is focused on building teamwork and mediating conflict?

Social leadership Signup and view all the answers

What is a common source of discriminatory behavior?

Negative group attitudes or prejudices. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a preconceived negative judgment of a group?

Prejudice Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership approach organizes work and sets standards?

Task leadership Signup and view all the answers

What does subtle racial prejudice often manifest as?

Employment discrimination. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes stereotypes from norms?

Stereotypes are descriptive; norms are prescriptive. Signup and view all the answers

How do individual influences impact group dynamics?

Through consistency and self-confidence. Signup and view all the answers

What is stereotype threat?

The concern about being judged based on a negative stereotype. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is suggested to address prejudice that arises from unequal status?

Create cooperative, equal-status relationships. Signup and view all the answers

What type of aggression is primarily aimed at injuring someone as a means to another goal?

Instrumental aggression. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of social aggression?

Verbal bullying on social media. Signup and view all the answers

What component is part of the instinctive view of aggression?

An innate, unlearned behavior pattern. Signup and view all the answers

How can guilt from automatic prejudices be utilized?

To motivate oneself to overcome prejudice. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of hostile aggression?

It springs from anger and aims to injure. Signup and view all the answers

Genetic influences on aggression suggest that

Heredity affects the neural systems' sensitivity to aggressive cues. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the boundary between personal identity and group identity becomes blurred?

Greater tendency to fight or die for the group Signup and view all the answers

What is the in-group bias?

Tendency to favor one's own group over others Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon describes the perception that outgroup members are more similar to one another than ingroup members?

Outgroup homogeneity effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the own-race bias?

Tendency to accurately recall faces of one's own race Signup and view all the answers

Which bias explains why people attribute negative behaviors of outgroup members to their dispositions?

Group-serving bias Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when individuals who deviate from stereotypes are perceived as exceptions?

Subtyping Signup and view all the answers

How does distinctiveness affect self-consciousness?

It can heighten self-consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?

An expectation that eventually leads to confirmation of that expectation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Group Influence

Two or more people who interact and influence one another, perceiving each other as "us."
Groups fulfill human needs for affiliation, achievement, and social identity.
Social facilitation, social loafing, and deindividuation are effects of others' presence.

Improved performance on simple tasks when others are present (dominant response).
Impaired performance on complex tasks when others are present.
Evaluation apprehension and distraction contribute to social arousal.

Reduced individual effort when working towards a common goal as part of a group.
Free riders benefit without contributing.

Deindividuation

Reduced self-awareness and accountability in group settings.
Factors include group size, anonymity, and arousing/distracting activities.

Group Polarization

Group decisions tend to be more extreme than individual members' initial opinions.
Driven by informational influence (accepting evidence) and normative influence (desire for acceptance).

Groupthink

Groups may prioritize harmony over critical thinking to maintain consensus.
Illusion of invulnerability, unquestioned belief in morality, rationalization, stereotyped views of opponents, pressure to conform, self-censorship, and illusion of unanimity are symptoms.

Prejudice

A preconceived negative judgment of a group and its members.
Stereotypes, generalizations about people (often inaccurate or overgeneralized), discrimination, and prejudice can arise from prejudice.
Social inequalities, social dominance orientation, and socialization can cause prejudice.

Aggression

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.
Types: physical, social, hostile, instrumental.
Theories: instinctive, frustration-aggression, social learning.
Influences: biological, psychological, and social factors.

Attraction and Intimacy

Proximity: physical nearness leads to liking.
Interaction: increased interaction increases liking.
Similarity: shared attitudes and interests foster attraction.
Physical attractiveness: is a significant factor.
Reward theory: we like those who reward us.
Sternberg's triangle theory: love comprises intimacy, passion, and commitment.

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Description

Explore the dynamics of group influence in psychology, covering crucial concepts such as social facilitation, social loafing, deindividuation, and group polarization. This quiz examines how groups affect individual performance and decision-making, highlighting the importance of social interactions in human behavior.