Psychology: Freud's Latency Stage
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Questions and Answers

Which theorist emphasized that healthy children will not fear life if their elders have integrity enough not to fear death?

  • Lawrence Kohlberg
  • Erik Erikson (correct)
  • Lev Vygotsky
  • Jean Piaget

    • According to Jean Piaget, what should be the principal goal of education in schools?

  • Repeating past actions
  • Creating individuals capable of new things (correct)
  • Teaching what previous generations have done
  • Focusing on general individual rights

    • Who compared the mind to an iceberg, stating that it floats with one-seventh of its bulk above the water?

  • Lev Vygotsky
  • Urie Bronfenbrenner
  • Sigmund Freud (correct)
  • Lawrence Kohlberg

    • According to Lawrence Kohlberg, how is right action generally defined?

    <p>In terms of general individual rights agreed upon by society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed that a teacher's work should focus on tomorrow's development in the child rather than yesterday's?

    <p>Lev Vygotsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who stressed the need for the nation to be reeducated about the necessary conditions for making human beings truly human?

    <p>Urie Bronfenbrenner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, how many psychosexual stages are involved in personality development?

    <p>Five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theorist emphasized the concept of 'Trust vs Mistrust' as the conflict in the first stage of development?

    <p>Erik Erikson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many stages of cognitive development are proposed in Jean Piaget's theory?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, how many stages does moral development occur in?

    <p>Six</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory views human development as a socially mediated process involving collaborative dialogues for acquiring cultural values?

    <p>Vygotsky's sociocultural theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who recognized that children do not develop in isolation according to the text?

    <p>Bronfenbrenner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the age range birth to 2 years according to the text?

    <p>Children learn the world through basic actions like sucking, grasping, looking, and listening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a crucial teaching strategy mentioned for the birth to 2 years age range?

    <p>Fostering object permanence or object constancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept do children in the pre-operational stage typically struggle with according to the text?

    <p>Symbolic thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age range do children begin to think symbolically and use words and pictures to represent objects?

    <p>2 to 7 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ability do infants develop in the age range from birth to 2 years that helps them understand object permanence?

    <p>Realizing their actions influence the world around them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant milestone for children during the pre-operational stage according to the text?

    <p>Becoming skilled at pretend play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which psychosexual stage does the libido become active again?

    <p>Genital stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of fixation at the genital stage according to Freud?

    <p>Inability to form fulfilling relationships as an adult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which Erikson's psychosocial stage does the crisis of intimacy vs. isolation occur?

    <p>Young adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of psychosexual development involves balancing basic urges with social norms in teens?

    <p>Genital stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk associated with fixation in the genital stage according to Freud?

    <p>Inability to adapt to social norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage does Freud propose that children could become 'stuck' if fixated?

    <p>Genital stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage of moral development do people follow internalized principles of justice even if they conflict with laws and rules?

    <p>Post-Conventional Stage 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of a more knowledgeable other, as per Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory?

    <p>Greater knowledge and skills compared to the learner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kohlberg's moral development theory, at which stage do people account for differing values, opinions, and beliefs of others?

    <p>Conventional Stage 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Stage 5 of moral development, according to Kohlberg, emphasize about rules of law?

    <p>Rules of law are essential but society should collectively agree on them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of moral reasoning do people develop an understanding of abstract principles of morality?

    <p>Post-Conventional Stage 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a more knowledgeable other from the learner in Vygotsky's theory?

    <p>Greater knowledge and skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What negative personality traits may develop if parents are too lenient during a specific psychosexual stage, according to Freud?

    <p>Messy, wasteful, or destructive personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which psychosexual stage does Freud suggest that an anal-retentive personality develops due to parents being too strict or starting toilet training too early?

    <p>Anal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Freud's psychosexual stages of development, what is the erogenous zone during the latent stage?

    <p>Bowel and bladder control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Freud believe young girls experience during the phallic stage, contrasting with what boys experience?

    <p>Penis envy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of psychosexual development involves the development of social skills, values, and relationships outside of the family?

    <p>Genital stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, what unresolved psychological aspect did he believe women experience due to the phallic stage?

    <p>'Penis envy'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of children in the concrete operational stage, according to the text?

    <p>Struggle with abstract concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of logic do children in the concrete operational stage primarily use?

    <p>Inductive logic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key teaching strategy for children in the formal operational stage?

    <p>Introduce multiple potential solutions to problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of Piaget's theory do individuals begin to understand that their thoughts are unique to them?

    <p>Concrete operational stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major difference between the concrete operational and formal operational stages?

    <p>Concrete operational allows for abstract thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of development do children typically become less egocentric and start considering others' thoughts and feelings?

    <p>Concrete operational stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Stage 6 (Universal Principles) of moral development according to Kohlberg?

    <p>Prioritizing individual rights over social contracts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory, what role does the 'more knowledgeable other' play?

    <p>Providing guidance and instruction within the zone of proximal development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kohlberg, at which stage of moral development do people face a conflict between laws and internalized ethical principles?

    <p>Universal Principles Stage 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Vygotsky define the 'zone of proximal development'?

    <p>The difference between what a learner can do independently and with guidance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Stage 5 (Social Contract and Individual Rights) in Kohlberg's model of moral development?

    <p>Recognition of differing values and opinions in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Kohlberg's Stage 5 (Social Contract and Individual Rights) differ from Stage 6 (Universal Principles) in moral development?

    <p>Stage 5 emphasizes individual rights, while Stage 6 prioritizes societal rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Vygotsky define as the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

    <p>The distance between actual development and potential development with guidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Vygotsky describe the role of scaffolding in learning?

    <p>As a tool to assist learners move through manageable steps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Vygotsky's theory, what is the significance of collaboration with more knowledgeable peers?

    <p>It helps students establish connections between concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Vygotsky suggest learners can achieve independence through scaffolding?

    <p>By progressing through small, manageable steps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a skilled instructor or knowledgeable peer in Vygotsky's theory of scaffolding?

    <p>To provide guidance and support in reaching goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Vygotsky, what is the fundamental concept behind scaffolding in learning?

    <p>Progressing through manageable steps towards a goal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ego in Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

    <p>To mediate between the id and the external world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the superego influence behavior in Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

    <p>By persuading the ego to prioritize moralistic goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which level primarily focuses on societal norms and cultural influences?

    <p>Macrosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud, why does the id remain infantile in its function throughout a person's life?

    <p>It is chaotic and unreasonable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates the chronosystem from the other ecological systems in Bronfenbrenner's theory?

    <p>It emphasizes historical context and time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the id in Freud's psychoanalytic theory differ from the ego?

    <p>The id responds immediately to basic urges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Theorists and Concepts in Psychology and Education

    • Erik Erikson emphasized that healthy children will not fear life if their elders possess enough integrity not to fear death.
    • Jean Piaget believed that the principal goal of education in schools should be to foster the development of children’s cognitive abilities.
    • Sigmund Freud compared the mind to an iceberg, indicating that only a small portion of our consciousness is visible above the surface, while the majority remains submerged.
    • Lawrence Kohlberg defined right action as that which aligns with societal standards and laws.
    • Lev Vygotsky asserted that teachers should focus on the child’s future development rather than their past achievements.

    Developmental Theories and Stages

    • Freud proposed a model that includes five psychosexual stages of personality development.
    • Erikson introduced the principle of 'Trust vs. Mistrust' as the foundational conflict experienced during infancy.
    • Piaget's theory of cognitive development comprises four stages.
    • Kohlberg's theory includes six stages of moral development where moral understanding evolves.

    Social and Cultural Mediation in Development

    • Vygotsky's theory posits that human development occurs as a socially mediated process involving collaboration and dialogue for cultural values acquisition.
    • It is recognized that children grow and develop within social contexts and do not mature in isolation.

    Developmental Milestones

    • Children aged 0-2 years exhibit crucial milestones such as developing object permanence.
    • The pre-operational stage (ages 2-7) poses challenges in understanding logical operations and conservation.
    • During the pre-operational stage, children begin to use symbols, including words and images, to represent objects.

    Psychosexual Development

    • The libido becomes active again during the genital stage, leading to potential conflicts.
    • Fixation at the genital stage may result in difficulties forming intimate relationships later in life.
    • Erikson's stage of intimacy vs. isolation occurs in young adulthood, focusing on developing satisfying relationships.
    • During the latency stage, children form social skills and relationships outside the family.

    Moral Development Insights

    • At Kohlberg’s stage 6, individuals adhere to internalized principles that may conflict with societal laws.
    • Vygotsky's concept of a 'more knowledgeable other' refers to a person who facilitates learning by sharing knowledge and skills.

    Cognitive Developmental Stages

    • Children in the concrete operational stage (ages 7-11) use logical reasoning but still struggle with abstract concepts.
    • In the formal operational stage (12 years and up), individuals develop the ability to think abstractly and understand unique perspectives.

    Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

    • Vygotsky describes ZPD as the difference between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance.
    • Scaffolding is a supportive framework used by knowledgeable peers or instructors to help learners achieve tasks within their ZPD.

    Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory Elements

    • In Freud’s model, the ego mediates between the id (primitive desires) and the superego (moral standards).
    • The id continues to function in an infantile manner throughout life, prioritizing basic desires.

    Systems of Development in Bronfenbrenner's Theory

    • Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory highlights the macrosystem, which encompasses societal norms and cultural influences affecting individual development.
    • The chronosystem distinguishes itself by considering the influence of time as a factor in development.

    Personality Traits and Fixation

    • Freud suggested that being overly lenient during childhood can lead to negative personality traits later in life.
    • An anal-retentive personality may develop when parents are excessively strict during toilet training.

    Key Differences in Stages and Theories

    • The concrete operational stage transitions to the formal operational stage, where abstract thinking becomes prevalent.
    • Stage 5 (Social Contract and Individual Rights) emphasizes the balance between individual rights and rules, while Stage 6 (Universal Principles) centers on adherence to ethical principles regardless of societal laws.

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    Description

    Explore Freud's psychosexual development theory with a focus on the latency stage. Learn about the characteristics, potential fixations, and impacts of fixation during this stage on adult relationships.

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