60 Questions
Which theorist emphasized that healthy children will not fear life if their elders have integrity enough not to fear death?
Erik Erikson
According to Jean Piaget, what should be the principal goal of education in schools?
Creating individuals capable of new things
Who compared the mind to an iceberg, stating that it floats with one-seventh of its bulk above the water?
Sigmund Freud
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, how is right action generally defined?
In terms of general individual rights agreed upon by society
Who proposed that a teacher's work should focus on tomorrow's development in the child rather than yesterday's?
Lev Vygotsky
Who stressed the need for the nation to be reeducated about the necessary conditions for making human beings truly human?
Urie Bronfenbrenner
According to Freud, how many psychosexual stages are involved in personality development?
Five
Which theorist emphasized the concept of 'Trust vs Mistrust' as the conflict in the first stage of development?
Erik Erikson
How many stages of cognitive development are proposed in Jean Piaget's theory?
Four
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, how many stages does moral development occur in?
Six
Which theory views human development as a socially mediated process involving collaborative dialogues for acquiring cultural values?
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
Who recognized that children do not develop in isolation according to the text?
Bronfenbrenner
What is a key characteristic of the age range birth to 2 years according to the text?
Children learn the world through basic actions like sucking, grasping, looking, and listening
Which of the following is a crucial teaching strategy mentioned for the birth to 2 years age range?
Fostering object permanence or object constancy
What concept do children in the pre-operational stage typically struggle with according to the text?
Symbolic thinking
At what age range do children begin to think symbolically and use words and pictures to represent objects?
2 to 7 years
Which ability do infants develop in the age range from birth to 2 years that helps them understand object permanence?
Realizing their actions influence the world around them
What is one significant milestone for children during the pre-operational stage according to the text?
Becoming skilled at pretend play
During which psychosexual stage does the libido become active again?
Genital stage
What is a potential outcome of fixation at the genital stage according to Freud?
Inability to form fulfilling relationships as an adult
During which Erikson's psychosocial stage does the crisis of intimacy vs. isolation occur?
Young adulthood
Which stage of psychosexual development involves balancing basic urges with social norms in teens?
Genital stage
What is a risk associated with fixation in the genital stage according to Freud?
Inability to adapt to social norms
At what stage does Freud propose that children could become 'stuck' if fixated?
Genital stage
At which stage of moral development do people follow internalized principles of justice even if they conflict with laws and rules?
Post-Conventional Stage 6
What is the key characteristic of a more knowledgeable other, as per Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory?
Greater knowledge and skills compared to the learner
According to Kohlberg's moral development theory, at which stage do people account for differing values, opinions, and beliefs of others?
Conventional Stage 3
What does Stage 5 of moral development, according to Kohlberg, emphasize about rules of law?
Rules of law are essential but society should collectively agree on them
In which stage of moral reasoning do people develop an understanding of abstract principles of morality?
Post-Conventional Stage 6
What differentiates a more knowledgeable other from the learner in Vygotsky's theory?
Greater knowledge and skills
What negative personality traits may develop if parents are too lenient during a specific psychosexual stage, according to Freud?
Messy, wasteful, or destructive personality
During which psychosexual stage does Freud suggest that an anal-retentive personality develops due to parents being too strict or starting toilet training too early?
Anal stage
In Freud's psychosexual stages of development, what is the erogenous zone during the latent stage?
Bowel and bladder control
What does Freud believe young girls experience during the phallic stage, contrasting with what boys experience?
Penis envy
Which stage of psychosexual development involves the development of social skills, values, and relationships outside of the family?
Genital stage
According to Freud, what unresolved psychological aspect did he believe women experience due to the phallic stage?
'Penis envy'
What is a key characteristic of children in the concrete operational stage, according to the text?
Struggle with abstract concepts
Which type of logic do children in the concrete operational stage primarily use?
Inductive logic
What is a key teaching strategy for children in the formal operational stage?
Introduce multiple potential solutions to problems
In which stage of Piaget's theory do individuals begin to understand that their thoughts are unique to them?
Concrete operational stage
What is a major difference between the concrete operational and formal operational stages?
Concrete operational allows for abstract thinking
During which stage of development do children typically become less egocentric and start considering others' thoughts and feelings?
Concrete operational stage
What distinguishes Stage 6 (Universal Principles) of moral development according to Kohlberg?
Prioritizing individual rights over social contracts.
In Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory, what role does the 'more knowledgeable other' play?
Providing guidance and instruction within the zone of proximal development.
According to Kohlberg, at which stage of moral development do people face a conflict between laws and internalized ethical principles?
Universal Principles Stage 6
How does Vygotsky define the 'zone of proximal development'?
The difference between what a learner can do independently and with guidance.
What is a key feature of Stage 5 (Social Contract and Individual Rights) in Kohlberg's model of moral development?
Recognition of differing values and opinions in society.
How does Kohlberg's Stage 5 (Social Contract and Individual Rights) differ from Stage 6 (Universal Principles) in moral development?
Stage 5 emphasizes individual rights, while Stage 6 prioritizes societal rules.
What does Vygotsky define as the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
The distance between actual development and potential development with guidance
How does Vygotsky describe the role of scaffolding in learning?
As a tool to assist learners move through manageable steps
In Vygotsky's theory, what is the significance of collaboration with more knowledgeable peers?
It helps students establish connections between concepts
How does Vygotsky suggest learners can achieve independence through scaffolding?
By progressing through small, manageable steps
What is the purpose of a skilled instructor or knowledgeable peer in Vygotsky's theory of scaffolding?
To provide guidance and support in reaching goals
According to Vygotsky, what is the fundamental concept behind scaffolding in learning?
Progressing through manageable steps towards a goal
What is the role of the ego in Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
To mediate between the id and the external world
How does the superego influence behavior in Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
By persuading the ego to prioritize moralistic goals
In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which level primarily focuses on societal norms and cultural influences?
Macrosystem
According to Freud, why does the id remain infantile in its function throughout a person's life?
It is chaotic and unreasonable
What differentiates the chronosystem from the other ecological systems in Bronfenbrenner's theory?
It emphasizes historical context and time
How does the id in Freud's psychoanalytic theory differ from the ego?
The id responds immediately to basic urges
Explore Freud's psychosexual development theory with a focus on the latency stage. Learn about the characteristics, potential fixations, and impacts of fixation during this stage on adult relationships.
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