Psychosexual Development: Freud's Stages of Development

Sexual Development According to Life Stages

• Freud named it Libido, and identified it as being among the life instincts of a person
• Freud stated it continues throughout life as Psychosexual Development
• The id is the starting point of pleasure-based desires and overly persistent basic energy
• The id is viewed as the 'basic' and most primitive self
• The Id's main source is the most selfish satisfaction of needs such as sexuality and hunger
• The id, the ego, and the superego are layers of the human mind that function that although in the same place operate on different planes
• The ego meets the wishes of the id with reality
• The ego balances the id with various defense mechanisms
• The superego is an internalized symbol of cultural mores
• The superego is in conflict with the needs and demands of the id, keeps taboos alive, and is aggressive against the id

Stages

• Freud divided the process of psychosexual development into five stages in certain age areas, reflecting the id's search for satisfaction
• The stages are orderly and cannot be separated, and each stage is influenced by the previous stage
• The foundations of personality are laid in the first years of life and it is difficult to change them
• It is important that parents shape their child's behavior in order for them to be successful in development

Oral Period

• Oral Period is from 0-1.5 years
• During Oral Period eating, speaking, and toilet training occur
• Oral Period is where the child connects with the outside world by mouth
• A satisfied baby begins to develop a sense of trust in the outside world if their needs are met
• Babies in the Oral Period who have a trusting relationship establish similar relationships with other people throughout life.
• During this period the libido is satisfied orally
• The source of satisfaction is the mouth, lips, and tongue
• All the needs and wishes of the baby are gathered in the mouth area and is the focal point of arousal

First Year

• In the first year after birth, the first sexual stimulation occurs during bathing and changing diapers
• The pressure and movement of the diaper on the genital area are pleasurable sensations that the baby enjoys
• When the baby is old enough to have better control of its hand and arm movements, it may accidentally touch its genitals
• Once the baby touches their genitals they may try to again in order to relive a pleasurable sensation
• Baby boys attract to their penises, but baby girls have more difficulty touching their genitals
• Touch genitals less common since genitals hidden
• Many parents may be worried or feel uncomfortable

Anal Period

• Anal Period is from 1.5-3 years
• During Anal Period the source of satiety of libido has shifted from oral and feeding activities to breech and defecation processes
• Voluntary sphincter control shows a rapid change from a passive state to an active state
• The anus is the focus of arousal
• The child gains the ability to make voluntary movements during this period
• The anal period is a period of separation from addiction and gaining independence and and period of struggle against parental control
• Taking great pleasure in gaining control in opposite voluntary movements such as pick-throw, hold-release is related to the Anal Period

Anal Period Feelings

• The child feels pleasure by holding or releasing the feces accumulated inside
• Determines whether to defecate or not
• The child's ability to hold his stool and make it wherever and whenever his mother wants attracts great environmental attention which is a reward
• It is important the child confront the judgments of society such as good, bad, right, wrong and shameful

Parental Actions

• Shouting, getting angry, scolding, hitting their hands will not prevent them.
• They often try again at the first available opportunity
• Instead parents cause feelings of guilt
• If parents are understanding and the child succeeds, the the anal period provides for the development of autonomy, independence, ability to entrepreneurship
• Rigid parents who are to tough on toilet trianing can cause self contempt, stubbornness, organized etc
• This situation is to prevent the child from be ashamed of sexuality in their later years, from establishing healthy communication with their families and from living in peace with the characteristics of their own sex

Phallic Period

• Phallic (Odipal) Period (3-6 years)
• This is the period when they begin to perceive the existence of both themselves and the outside world
• From the age of 3, the child begins to understand that there are two different genders and tries to find the difference with questions such as "Why is this a girl?", "Why is this a boy?"
• Children tend to get to know their bodies more closely by age five
• Children will develop positive or negative emotions towards their bodies
• The pleasure zone is the genitals and their surroundings and are extremely interested in sex
• The genitals are the focus of arousal
• During the Phallic Period, parents need to understand it is normal to talk about genitals just as they talk about other body parts, and say the names of the sex and reproductive organs correctly
• Instead of veiled names (pussy, dick etc.), the words vagina and chest should be used for girls, and penis and testicles should be used for boys There are 5 important thoughts: What they think is known and seen by everyone, Thought and action are that same, If they thought about it, they did it. If they did it, they are guilty, If they are guilty, they will be punished
• During the Phallic period children may develop a sexual affinity for the parent of the same-sex and try to spend time with that parent and please them

Oedipus Complex / Electra Complex

• The girl tries to win her father's favor by resembling her mother, and the boy tries to win his mother's favor
• If excessive pressure is put on children at this stage: Boys can develop the Oedipus Complex Girls can develop the Electra Complex
• The boy/girl complex can create distrust issues when resolved later in life

Oedipus Complex

• It is the fact that the boy approaches his mother with a special love, that is, with love, and enters into a race with his father, with whom he identifies, and even hates him sometimes.
• This causes Important conflict as boys may love their father, even though they want to be him

5 Fulfilled Conditions for Breaking Complex

• For either Elektra or Oedipus Complex
• The first condition is that the parents have love for each other publicly
• The 2nd condition is that the father/mother values his son/daughter, spends quality time with his son/daughter and establishes a healthy way to relate
• The 3rd condition is the presence of new safe partners outisde the relationship
• The 4th condition is that parents allow their children to detach from them
• The 5th condition is that the child has a parent that does not put down sexual identity

Negative Family

• This causes feelings of being punished by the child and it can create distrust for relationships

Latent Period

• Latency / Implicit - Latent Period (6-11 years)
• During Latent Period the Oedipus complex is resolved, resulting in a lack of the strong feelings and passions from previous periods.
• At this stage, the sexual identity role and sexual roles are combined and reinforced
• Control of instinctive impulses and sexual silence allow for the development of the self (ego) and abilities
• In the latent phase, which is the education-training phase, pleasure is directed towards different objects rather than sexual objects
• During this period, first love attempts are made and platonic love is on the agenda
• Admiring the opposite sex or choosing a partner of the opposite sex is another important feature of this period

Genital Period

• The genital period is from age *12-18 years
• A time when the child reaches physiological maturity because of hormones that bring out new sexual interests
• The genitals are the focus of arousal

Puberty

• Adolescence is an important period of physical and Psychological changes in humans
• During this period, physical and Functional changes in the sexual organs come to the fore along with the personality structure

Adolescent types

• Adolescence: It is difficult to set an age limit for puberty.
• Early adolescence: Ages 11 to 15, the first period of adolescence and includes physical and psychosocial changes are observed
• Middle adolescence: Ages 14-15 through 16-17, Includes behavioral changes as they feel the want for independence, and often high-risk behavior
• Late adolescence: Starts at the age of 16 to 17 until 20's
• This includes Individuality plans for the future, doubts disappear, and sexual identity is developed

Female Sexuality in Adulthood

• The place and responsibilities of women in society change with adulthood
• With the establishment of regular partner relationships there are specific changes in their role
• Adulthood is when women can experience sexuality more comfortably and are Sexually active

Sexual Activity

• First Sexual experiences usually occur on the first night of engagement during adulthood
• If the first sexual experiences can Be overcome over any problems, the people get to know themselves through experience

Psychological states

• In our country and similar, a positive mentality accelerates the process of sexual development
• Sexual Life During Pregnancy should feel encouraged and not like a burden because their relationship relies on it
• During Puerperium Sexual Life it is important patients are understood and comforted
• Infertility can often result in a variety health issues

Male Sexuality

• Testicles needs annual examinations to ward off illness
• 2. Two Common Problems That Can Affect Male Reproductive Function: Undescended and Varicocele
• Testicles are supposed to be in the body, not out
• These sexual diseases are quite confusin

Climacterium

• Climacterium, Menopause, and Andropause are all periods where sexuality should not be stopped as they are natural
• climacterium often can leave a woman with anxiety and depression after certain periods - they are not permanent and can be sorted
• In Climacterium people needs to be made to see the pleasant and enjoyable aspects of old age,

Climacterium:

• It is a Greek word meaning "Stair step" and is part of a womans transition
• Climacterium is a period of life in which women move from reproductive age to the age of loss of reproductive ability due to decline in Ovarian function
• This period includes the perimenopausal period, menopause and the postmenopausal period

The end of menustration

• World Health Organization defined menopause as the end of mensuration and a result of loss of ovary activity
• Changes caused by lack of Estrogen Includes: vaginal dryness and Vagrinal Atrophy
• A drop in Androgen hormones can create issues in arousaly
• Physical changes should be explained so that there are not surprises

Impared Sexual Activity

• A drop in blood flow and increase and blood pressure can can problems in Ovarian vessels
• This creates problems that impact hormone production
• Hormones and the treatment of hormones need to be handled for any one at old age to have safe sexual health

Treatment in Aged MEN for sexual

• Treatment should be more intimate based, mental and physical stimulation for a pleasant sex.
• Treatment should also focus on oral sex, masturbation
• For the person being supported they should see the good and bad aspects of these periods