Psychology Flashcards: Classical Conditioning

Questions and Answers

What is Pavlov known for?

Formulating the law of gravitation

Inventing the telephone

Behaviorist-Classically conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell (correct)

Developing the theory of relativity

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning.

What is an unconditioned response?

The unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus.

What is a conditioned stimulus?

An originally irrelevant stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response after association with an unconditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is a conditioned response?

The response elicited by the conditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'higher order' refer to in conditioning?

Adding another neutral stimulus to the normal conditioning process. Signup and view all the answers

What is taste aversion?

A learned avoidance of a particular food. Signup and view all the answers

What is generalization in classical conditioning?

A conclusion drawn from specific information that is used to make a broad statement about a topic or person. Signup and view all the answers

What is discrimination in classical conditioning?

The learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is acquisition in classical conditioning?

The initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is extinction in classical conditioning?

The decrease in response resulting from repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the inter stimulus interval?

The duration of time between presentation of the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is spontaneous recovery?

The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning Concepts

Pavlov: A prominent behaviorist known for his experiments with dogs, demonstrating classical conditioning by making them salivate at the sound of a bell.
Unconditioned Stimulus (US): A naturally occurring stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without prior conditioning, such as food causing salivation.
Unconditioned Response (UR): The automatic, natural reaction to an unconditioned stimulus, exemplified by salivation in response to food in the mouth.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS): An initially neutral stimulus that, when paired with an unconditioned stimulus, eventually triggers a conditioned response, such as a bell sound.
Conditioned Response (CR): The learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus, which occurs after conditioning, like dogs salivating at the sound of the bell.
Higher Order Conditioning: Introducing an additional neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the conditioned stimulus, enabling the conditioned response to occur in response to the new stimulus, for instance, a flash of light preceding the bell.
Taste Aversion: A specific learned behavior where individuals develop a strong aversion toward particular foods, often due to a negative experience (e.g., illness).
Generalization: Drawing broader conclusions based on specific examples or experiences, often leading to similar responses to stimuli that resemble the original conditioned stimulus.
Discrimination: The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus, enhancing specificity in responses.
Acquisition: The initial phase in classical conditioning where a neutral stimulus is linked with an unconditioned stimulus, starting to elicit a conditioned response; also relates to strengthening responses in operant conditioning.
Extinction: The process whereby a conditioned response diminishes over time when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.
Interstimulus Interval: The time gap between the presentation of the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus, critical for effective conditioning.
Spontaneous Recovery: The phenomenon where a previously extinguished conditioned response reappears after a pause, indicating that conditioning effects may linger.

Description

Test your knowledge on classical conditioning concepts with these flashcards. Focus on key terms like Pavlov, unconditioned stimulus, and unconditioned response. Great for psychology students looking to solidify their understanding of behaviorism.