Psychology: Five-Factor Model and Bystander Behavior
49 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model relates to compassion and trustworthiness?

  • Agreeableness (correct)
  • Openness
  • Extraversion
  • Conscientiousness

Neuroticism is positively associated with proactive responses in bystander situations.

False (B)

Who are the two psychologists mentioned that contributed to the definition of personality?

Gordon Allport and Hans Eysenck

The Five-Factor Model organizes personality into five dimensions, one of which is __________, which reflects responsibility and self-discipline.

<p>conscientiousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following traits with their descriptions:

<p>Openness = Imagination and curiosity Extraversion = Sociability and energy Neuroticism = Emotional instability Agreeableness = Compassion and trustworthiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does bystander attitude reflect?

<p>An individual's readiness to intervene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sexual assault is defined as consensual sexual acts.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to research, which personality traits are often predictive of prosocial bystander behaviors?

<p>Agreeableness and conscientiousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait was found to be positively correlated with empathy?

<p>Openness to experience (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conscientiousness has a weak negative relationship with empathy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does empathy play in promoting bystander intervention?

<p>Empathy increases the likelihood of taking action in critical situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The personality trait that showed a weak negative relationship with empathy is __________.

<p>neuroticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits did NOT show a significant relationship with bystander behavior?

<p>Extraversion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following personality traits with their effect on empathy:

<p>Openness = Positive correlation with empathy Conscientiousness = Positive correlation with empathy Neuroticism = Weak negative relationship with empathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the study's findings for empathy-training programs?

<p>Empathy-training programs can enhance bystander intervention strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The significant correlations between personality traits, empathy, and bystander attitudes suggest the importance of __________ characteristics.

<p>individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest score possible on the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire?

<p>64 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Bystander Attitude Scale-Revised has been shown to have low internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha below 0.70.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three dimensions measured by the Bystander Attitude Scale-Revised (BAS-R)?

<p>Readiness to intervene, confidence in intervening, awareness of the problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Big Five Inventory-10 is a tool used to measure __________ traits.

<p>personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following questionnaires with their primary focus:

<p>BFI-10 = Personality traits TEQ = Empathy levels BAS-R = Bystander attitudes toward intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method was used to collect data for the study?

<p>Online through Google Forms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Higher scores on the Bystander Attitude Scale-Revised indicate negative attitudes towards bystander intervention.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What scale is used to measure empathy?

<p>The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality traits showed significant positive correlations with bystander attitudes?

<p>Conscientiousness and Openness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Empathy exhibited a negative relationship with bystander attitudes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of empathy in the context of bystander attitudes?

<p>Motivating individuals to take action in situations requiring intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study indicates that self-reported measures can introduce potential __________.

<p>biases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended strategy to improve bystander attitudes and behaviors?

<p>Empathy training and personality development workshops (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following hypotheses with their support level:

<p>Hypothesis 1 = Partially supported Hypothesis 2 = Strongly supported Hypothesis 3 = Not mentioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study indicates that further analyses are not necessary to understand the interplay between the variables.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some practical implications suggested by the study for improving bystander behaviors?

<p>Implementing programs that enhance empathy, conscientiousness, and openness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is examined by Carlo et al. in their 2010 study?

<p>Empathy-altruism hypothesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The bystander effect suggests that individuals are more likely to help someone in distress when there are more people present.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who measured individual differences in empathy and proposed a multidimensional approach?

<p>Mark H. Davis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ effect describes the phenomenon where the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation.

<p>bystander</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the authors with their respective studies:

<p>Davis, M.H. = Measuring empathy Darley, J.M. &amp; Latané, B. = Bystander intervention Eisenberg, N. &amp; Miller, P.A. = Relation of empathy to prosocial behaviors McCrae, R.R. &amp; Costa, P.T. = Five-factor model of personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which study focused on sex differences in empathy?

<p>Eisenberg &amp; Lennon (1983) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The five-factor model of personality was validated across various instruments according to McCrae & Costa.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did Davis publish his influential article on measuring individual differences in empathy?

<p>1983</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between internet addiction and self-esteem?

<p>Negative correlation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

People with high self-esteem are more likely to feel unhappy and depressed.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major factor affecting self-esteem mentioned in the text?

<p>Peer pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals who experience _____ pressure are likely to have low self-esteem.

<p>peer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following self-esteem characteristics with their descriptions:

<p>Low self-esteem = Vulnerability to addictions High self-esteem = Assertiveness in relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about self-esteem is true?

<p>Low self-esteem can lead to various clinical problems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-esteem has no effect on one’s quality of life.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is self-esteem?

<p>Self-esteem is one’s positive or negative attitude toward oneself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Personality

A dynamic organization within an individual of psychophysical systems determining characteristic behavior and thought.

Big Five Personality Traits

A model organizing personality into five dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Openness (Big Five)

Personality trait reflecting imagination and curiosity.

Conscientiousness (Big Five)

Personality trait involving responsibility and self-discipline.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bystander Attitude

Individual's readiness or reluctance to intervene in situations requiring assistance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sexual Assault

Non-consensual sexual acts or behaviors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Empathy

Crucial psychological construct linked to personality and bystander behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prosocial Bystander Behaviors

Behaviors that help others in need.

Signup and view all the flashcards

BFI-10

A personality assessment tool measuring the Big Five personality traits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

TEQ

A questionnaire used to measure empathy levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Empathy Levels

Categorization of empathy (low, moderate, high) based on scores on the TEQ.

Signup and view all the flashcards

BAS-R

A questionnaire assessing attitudes towards bystander intervention in sexual assault.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bystander Intervention

Actions taken by individuals to prevent or address incidents of sexual assault.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Correlational Design

Research method used to explore relationships between variables without manipulating them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cronbach's alpha

A measure of internal consistency of a scale, how well items on a questionnaire measure the same thing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Standardized Questionnaires

Questionnaires with established reliability and validity. Tools like BFI-10, TEQ, and BAS-R.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypothesis 1 (H1)

This hypothesis stated that a strong connection exists between personality traits and bystander attitudes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Conscientiousness

A personality trait reflecting responsibility, self-discipline, and organization.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Openness to new experience (OP)

A personality trait related to being open to new ideas and experiences. It positively correlates with empathy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Conscientiousness (CON)

A personality trait related to being organized, responsible, and dependable. It positively correlates with empathy and bystander attitudes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Openness

A personality trait characterized by imagination, curiosity, and a broad range of interests.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neuroticism (NR)

A personality trait related to emotional instability and anxiety. It shows a weak negative correlation with empathy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypothesis 2 (H2)

This hypothesis proposed that a strong connection exists between empathy and bystander attitudes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Desirability Bias

A tendency for individuals to present themselves in a favorable light, even if it means distorting their responses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personality Traits and Bystander Behavior

Certain personality characteristics influence empathy and bystander behavior. Openness and conscientiousness correlate positively; neuroticism has a negative correlation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Regression Analysis

A statistical technique used to explore the relationship between variables and predict outcomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bystander Intervention Programs

Initiatives designed to encourage individuals to intervene in situations where others might be in need of help.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Empathy and Prosocial Intervention

Empathy is a key factor in promoting prosocial intervention (helping others).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bystander Intervention Strategies

Strategies to guide actions in critical situations, such as sexual violence prevention.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Internet Addiction

Excessive and uncontrollable use of the internet, often leading to negative consequences in various aspects of life.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Self-Esteem and Internet Addiction

Research suggests that low self-esteem is linked to increased susceptibility to internet addiction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Peer Pressure

Social influence from peers, often involving pressure to conform to group norms or behaviors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Peer Pressure and Self-Esteem

Studies show a correlation between high peer pressure and low self-esteem.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Low Self-Esteem

A negative self-image, characterized by feelings of inadequacy, worthlessness, and a lack of confidence.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Consequences of Low Self-Esteem

Low self-esteem can lead to various problems, including depression, unhealthy relationships, and a higher risk of addiction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Effects of Internet Addiction

Internet addiction can have negative consequences, including sleep problems, poor diet, increased risk of depression, and lower self-esteem.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Positive Self-Esteem

A positive self-image, characterized by self-acceptance, confidence, and a sense of worthiness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Empathy's Role in Helping

Empathy, our ability to understand and share another's feelings, is linked to helping behavior, but how much influence does it have? Psychologists have found that empathy plays a significant role in determining whether we'll lend a hand.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Distress vs. Empathy

Distress and empathy are two distinct reactions to another's pain. Distress is a personal response to discomfort, while empathy centers on emotional connection and understanding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diffusion of Responsibility

In an emergency with multiple bystanders, the individual feels less personal responsibility to act because they assume others will help. It's a psychological phenomenon that inhibits intervention.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis

This hypothesis argues that we help others out of genuine concern, not solely for personal gains. It proposes that empathy motivates altruistic behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Context Matters in Helping

The situation and environment play a significant role in how we respond to others in need. Factors like the perceived threat, the relationship with the person needing help, and social norms all influence our decision to intervene.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prosocial Behavior

Prosocial behaviors involve actions that benefit others. It encompasses a wide range of actions, from giving a compliment to helping a stranger.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Measuring Empathy

Researchers use various methods to assess individual differences in empathy. These methods aim to understand how much empathy each person experiences and their ability to emotionally relate to others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Summary of Documents

  • A variety of student projects on psychology topics are presented.
  • The projects cover a range of areas, including bystander attitudes toward sexual assault, personality traits and empathy, projective tests of personality, internet addiction and peer pressure, stress levels related to exercise, and levels of aggression between males and females.
  • The projects use various methodologies such as questionnaires, projective tests, and correlational research.
  • The projects collected data from various samples of participants.
  • The projects highlight significant relationships between variables of interest, such as a correlation between internet addiction and self-esteem, and peer pressure.
  • The majority of the projects show the use of quantifiable research methods.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Shivam Kumar Pandey's PDF - Personality Traits & Bystander Attitudes

Description

This quiz explores the Five-Factor Model of personality and its connection to empathy and bystander intervention. Test your knowledge on various traits, their relationships to compassionate behaviors, and the psychologists behind these concepts. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand personality psychology!

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser