Psychology Final Exam: Motivation and Need Theories
78 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of communication occurs between departments and is useful for coordinating?

  • Upward Communication
  • Downward Communication
  • Lateral Communication
  • Horizontal Communication (correct)

What is the MUM Effect related to in communication?

  • Avoiding communicating unfavourable news (correct)
  • Filtering of information
  • High-context cultures
  • The sender's role in communication

In high-context cultures, what is as if not more important than the message itself?

  • The emotional state of the receiver
  • The noise in the communication channel
  • The receiver's interpretation
  • The social context (correct)

What does the sender do in the process of communication?

<p>Encodes the message (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is involved in interpreting the emotional state and cognitive ability of the sender?

<p>Listening Skills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to effective communication according to the text?

<p>Free flow of information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Employee Voice related to in effective communication?

<p>Constructive expression of disagreement or concern (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is downward communication characterized by?

<p>Flows from top to bottom of the organization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Idea-generation Tasks involve?

<p>Creative tasks such as brainstorming (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Task Interdependence refer to?

<p>The degree of dependence on team members (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Pooled Interdependence characterized by?

<p>Working independently and combining efforts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of creating a top-notch research paper, what does Reciprocal Interdependence involve?

<p>Working together on each phase of the research paper (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Outcome Interdependence imply?

<p>Receiving rewards based on others' performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a criticism of the Stage Model of Development according to the text?

<p>Limited empirical support (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Production Tasks involve according to the text?

<p>Actually making something like a building or product (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the IPO framework, what does 'IPO' stand for?

<p><em>Idea-Production-Output</em> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Sequential Interdependence' is best described by:

<p><em>One person's output becomes another person's input</em> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of 'Problem-solving Tasks' according to the text?

<p>Making decisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

<p>Self-actualization needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between ERG Theory and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

<p>ERG Theory recognizes that individuals may regress when frustrated in fulfilling higher-level needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Two-Factor Theory?

<p>Identifying individual's job satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of environmental factors in motivational theory?

<p>They are essential for determining an individual's level of performance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory includes categories such as existence, relatedness, and growth?

<p>ERG Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes ERG Theory from Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

<p>Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs recognizes the frustration-regression process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does Two-Factor Theory classify as a hygiene factor?

<p>Working conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Ability refer to in the context of motivation?

<p>The power or skill to do something (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intelligence is not considered as an important factor in effective leadership.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Task-oriented leader behaviors include showing concern for employee feelings and treating employees with respect.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the democratic decision-making style, employees participate in the making of the decision.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Laissez-faire decision-making involves the leader providing maximum guidance and involvement in the decision.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fiedler's Contingency Theory states that there is one best style of leadership.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Situational Leadership Theory considers employee readiness as the key factor determining the proper leadership style.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Authoritarian decision-making involves involving employees in the decision-making process.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

People-oriented leaders are most effective when situational favorableness is extreme.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

High Power Distance Cultures prefer a sense of equality amongst all members.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Amygdala is responsible for stimulating fear responses.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) consists of the body's adaptive response to stress in two phases—alarm and resistance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Alarm Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), the body activates a 'rest and digest' mode.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Resistance Phase in the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) involves the body depleting its stores of sugars and fats.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Exhaustion Phase in the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) causes the stressor to significantly strengthen the individual.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stress refers to the body's reaction to a change that requires physical, mental, or emotional adjustment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Democratic decision-making is an organizational antecedent of political behavior.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transformational Leadership emphasizes treating followers as a collective group rather than as individuals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Job Specialization according to Fredrick Taylor involves giving workers a wide variety of tasks to perform.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Job Rotation refers to moving employees from job to job at irregular intervals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Job Enlargement involves decreasing the number of tasks performed by employees in order to increase efficiency.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Job Enrichment gives workers more tasks to perform but less control over how to perform them.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Potential Problems with Job Enrichment do not include supervisory resistance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Job Characteristics Model, developed by Hackman and Oldman, is not considered as a significant attempt to design jobs with increased motivational properties.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Core Job Characteristics according to the Job Characteristics Model include Skill Variety and Task Identity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using Time-motion Studies, management could determine how much time each task would require and plan the tasks so that the job could be performed as inefficiently as possible.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Job Enlargement involves decreasing the number of tasks performed by employees in order to add more variety.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MUM Effect related to in communication?

<p>The tendency to avoid communicating unfavorable news to others</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the sender do in the process of communication?

<p>Encodes message, translating the idea into words</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the IPO framework, what does 'IPO' stand for?

<p>Input, Process, Output</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is downward communication characterized by?

<p>Flows from the top of the organization to the bottom</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to effective communication according to the text?

<p>Free flow of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of communication occurs between departments and is useful for coordinating?

<p>Horizontal Communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Two-Factor Theory?

<p>Employee motivation and job satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is involved in interpreting the emotional state and cognitive ability of the sender?

<p>Listening Skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of positive reinforcement in the context of behavior management.

<p>Positive behavior followed by positive consequences (Manager praises the employee).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Valence in Vroom's Expectancy Theory?

<p>Value of outcomes. Example: Do I feel that this 2% pay raise is desirable?</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Self-compassion manifest according to the text?

<p>It is directed inward and consists of self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of Extinction in behavior management.

<p>Negative behavior followed by removal of positive consequences (Manager ignores the behavior).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of Reinforcement Theory and who are its key contributors?

<p>Based on behavioral conditioning by Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner's work on operant conditioning. Behavior is a function of its outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of Negative Reinforcement and provide an example.

<p>Positive behavior followed by removal of negative consequences (Manager stops nagging the employee).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the managerial implication of Reinforcement Theory in relation to employee performance?

<p>Ensuring rewards are desirable to employees, and giving employees choice over rewards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of Fixed-ratio Schedules in the context of reward systems.

<p>Providing rewards to every nth time the right behavior is demonstrated. Example: Giving the employee a bonus for every tenth sale he makes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of interdependence involves team members working independently and combining their efforts to create the team's output?

<p>Pooled Interdependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

If one person's output becomes another person's input, what type of interdependence is the team experiencing?

<p>Sequential Interdependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rewards that an individual receives depending on the performance of others?

<p>Outcome Interdependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of creating a top-notch research paper, what does Reciprocal Interdependence involve?

<p>Working together on each phase of the research paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

<p>Human motivation and developmental psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Task Interdependence refer to?

<p>The degree that team members are dependent on one another to be effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of the Stage Model of Development according to the text?

<p>Overemphasis on Conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the IPO framework?

<p>Input-Process-Output framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Idea-generation Tasks concerned with?

<p>Creative tasks such as brainstorming and creating new processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Problem-solving Tasks according to the text?

<p>Coming up with plans for actions and making decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

More Like This

Psychology Final Exam Flashcards
49 questions
Psychology Final Exam - Memory Issues
10 questions
Psychology Final Exam Study Notes
48 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser