Psychology Exam 3 Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What is a possible effect of misinformation on eyewitness testimony?

More precise detail retention

Increased confidence in incorrect memories (correct)

Improved recall accuracy

Total elimination of memory errors

Which type of memory involves the ability to recreate an event as it occurred?

Sensory memory

Reconstructive memory

Reproductive memory (correct)

Procedural memory

What cognitive bias is primarily concerned with evaluating people of the same race as oneself more accurately?

Confirmation bias

Stereotype threat

Attribution error

Own-race bias (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a factor in the evaluation of eyewitness memory?

Intuition Signup and view all the answers

What does the CARE method help evaluate in the context of internet information?

Credibility of web-based information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn from insufficient evidence?

Hasty generalization Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the idea that correlation does not imply causation?

Association vs. Causation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of pseudoscience?

Astrology Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive error involves the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs?

Confirmation bias Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant drawback of relying solely on eye-witness testimony in legal cases?

It can be influenced by suggestive questioning Signup and view all the answers

What is regression to the mean primarily concerned with?

Extreme values in a data set are likely to be followed by values closer to the average. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes base rate neglect?

Considering only specific examples and ignoring general statistics. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of the bias blind spot?

Believing oneself to be less biased than others. Signup and view all the answers

The unskilled and unaware effect refers to which of the following?

Individuals lacking skills are often unaware of their incompetence. Signup and view all the answers

Hindsight bias can best be defined as:

The belief that one could have predicted the outcome after it has occurred. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning?

Inductive reasoning reaches conclusions based on patterns, whereas deductive reasoning draws conclusions from premises. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of belief perseverance?

The inclination to cling to existing beliefs despite contrary evidence. Signup and view all the answers

What does shifting the burden of proof imply in an argument?

The responsibility to provide proof lies with those challenging the claim, not the claimant. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about dual process theory is accurate?

Type 2 thinking involves slower, more reflective reasoning. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of inductive reasoning is considered a limitation?

It may lead to conclusions that are not universally applicable. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Exam 3 Study Guide

Chapter 4:
Thinking errors (naive realism, hasty generalization, sweeping generalization, red herring fallacy, etc.)
Empiricism/empirical approach
Variables (including types)
Association vs. Causation
Falsifiability
Survey research
Correlations (positive and negative, strength, human errors in detection), pros/cons
Confirmation bias
Chapter 5:
Pseudoscience (including examples and embedded assumptions)
Pareidolia
Scientific plausibility
Reasonableness
Forms of low-quality evidence
Pseudoscience vs. Protoscience (including examples)
Evidence-based treatment
Chapter 6:
Danger of eye-witness testimony
Limitations of attention (inattentional blindness, change blindness, divided attention)
Limitations of perception (sensory range/sensory abilities, role of prior knowledge, hallucination)
Long-term memory (including capacity and duration)
Working memory (including capacity and duration)

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Description

Prepare for your Psychology Exam 3 with this comprehensive study guide covering key concepts from Chapters 4 to 6. Topics include thinking errors, empiricism, pseudoscience, and memory limitations. Test your understanding of these crucial psychological principles and improve your exam performance.