Psychology Exam 2

Which research design is MOST suitable for studying developmental changes over an extended period, such as the impact of early childhood experiences on adult personality?

During which period of prenatal development are teratogens MOST likely to cause major structural abnormalities?

A newborn consistently turns their head and opens their mouth when their cheek is stroked. Which reflex is being demonstrated?

What is the MOST significant change in an infant's physical development between 0 and 12 months of age?

What is the MAIN difference between fine and gross motor skills?

What is the MOST accurate description of 'blooming and pruning' in the context of infant brain development?

A child understands that even though a tall glass of water is poured into a short, wide glass, the amount of water remains the same. According to Piaget, which cognitive milestone has the child achieved?

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, what is the PRIMARY conflict during adolescence?

What is the hallmark of postconventional moral thinking in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

What is the MAIN difference between 'menarche' and 'spermarche' during adolescence?

How does the 'overjustification effect' MOST directly impact motivation?

According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, what is the relationship between arousal and performance?

Which of Maslow's needs is the MOST likely to be activated by achieving consistent feelings of accomplishment and confidence in one's abilities?

Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies self-transcendence, according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Leptin is a hormone that primarily affects weight control by doing what?

What is the MOST direct role of the hypothalamus in regulating eating behavior and satiety?

Set-point theory suggests that the body defends a particular weight. What physiological process BEST explains why it is difficult to maintain weight loss over time?

Which statement BEST captures a limitation of using Body Mass Index (BMI) as a singular measure of health?

What is the MAIN difference between gender identity and sexual orientation?

What BEST describes the experience of someone who is experiencing gender dysphoria?

How do defense mechanisms, according to Freudian theory, MOST directly influence the interplay between the conscious and unconscious mind?

In Freud's theory of psychosexual development, what is the PRIMARY challenge during the anal stage that shapes personality development?

How does Carl Jung's concept of the 'collective unconscious' extend beyond Freud's theory of the unconscious mind?

Karen Horney's concept of 'womb envy' was developed as a critique of which Freudian idea?

What is the MOST accurate representation of the core idea behind Bandura's concept of reciprocal determinism?

According to Julian Rotter's concept of locus of control, how would someone with an internal locus of control respond to failing an exam?

In the context of Walter Mischel's work on self-regulation, such as demonstrated in the marshmallow test, what does delayed gratification BEST predict?

According to Carl Rogers, what is the MOST significant consequence of a large discrepancy between one's real self and ideal self?

In the context of personality assessment, what is a key DISTINCTION between objective and projective methods?

Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies how selective migration might influence regional personality profiles?

A child is consistently able to understand that a short, wide cup can hold the same amount of liquid as a tall, thin cup. However, they struggle to think abstractly about hypothetical situations. Which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development BEST describes this child's current abilities?

Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies the 'secure base' concept in attachment theory?

An adolescent is actively experimenting with different clothing styles, hairstyles, and friend groups. According to Erikson, what psychosocial crisis is this adolescent MOST likely navigating?

A pregnant woman is exposed to a teratogen during the embryonic period. Which of the following is the MOST likely outcome?

A researcher is studying the development of fine motor skills in preschool children. Which activity would be MOST appropriate for assessing these skills?

A person in late adulthood reflects on their life and feels a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment. According to Erikson's theory, which psychosocial stage has this person successfully resolved?

Which of the following represents a discontinuous view of development?

In Kübler-Ross's stages of grief, what is the MOST likely reaction a person would have if they are diagnosed with a terminal illness and they start promising to make significant lifestyle changes in exchange for more time?

A child is playing hide-and-seek and believes that because they are covering their eyes, others cannot see them. This demonstrates which cognitive limitation, common in Piaget's preoperational stage?

Which of the following BEST describes the role of hospice care?

How does a high level of self-efficacy MOST directly impact an individual's motivation and persistence when facing challenging tasks?

If a person consistently prioritizes establishing and maintaining close, meaningful relationships, which need from Maslow's hierarchy is MOST likely driving their behavior?

How might the overjustification effect ALTER Carl's motivation if his neighbor stops paying him for mowing the lawn?

Considering the role of leptin in appetite regulation, what is the MOST likely outcome if someone has a genetic mutation that prevents their body from producing leptin?

Which combination of factors would MOST likely lead to the classification of 'severe obesity' in an adult?

How does bulimia nervosa MOST critically differ from anorexia nervosa in terms of observable behaviors?

If a researcher is investigating the neurological basis of sexual motivation in male rats, which area of the brain would be of MOST interest?

During which phase of the sexual response cycle are the changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle tension at their HIGHEST levels?

An individual consistently feels distress because their assigned sex at birth does not align with their deeply felt sense of being male. Which term BEST describes this experience?

How does the James-Lange theory of emotion DIFFER MOST significantly from the Cannon-Bard theory?

How does the ego, in Freudian theory, navigate the conflict between the id's impulses and the superego's constraints?

Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies the defense mechanism of reaction formation?

How does Jung's concept of archetypes contribute to our understanding of personality development and expression?

What is the MOST accurate interpretation of 'self-regulation' in the context of personality and behavior?

How might a person with high self-efficacy approach a challenging new project at work?

How does an external locus of control influence a student's response to receiving a poor grade on an exam?

How does congruence, as defined by Carl Rogers, relate to an individual's overall well-being and self-esteem?

Considering research on temperament, which parenting approach is MOST likely to promote healthy development in a child with a 'difficult' temperament?

How do twin studies, such as the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, contribute to our understanding of the heritability of personality traits?

Based on Eysencks' theory, how would someone high in both extroversion and neuroticism MOST likely behave in a social gathering?

How does an individualistic culture PRIMARILY shape personality development compared to a collectivistic culture?

What is the MOST significant limitation of projective personality tests like the Rorschach Inkblot Test and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?

What would be the PRIMARY focus of interpretation when using the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) to assess personality?

How is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) PRIMARILY used in clinical settings?

Why is it important for personality assessments, like the MMPI, to have established norms and validity scales?

Which of the following BEST describes the stepping reflex observed in newborns?

During infancy, what is the MOST significant purpose of the 'pruning' process in brain development?

How does myelination affect brain development during infancy and childhood?

Why might an infant prefer looking at a simplified black and white pattern of a face over a colorful, complex image?

In the context of vision development, what does the 'visual cliff' experiment primarily assess?

What is the MOST likely explanation for why a child raised in a bilingual environment from infancy typically speaks both languages without an accent?

Which research technique is MOST useful for understanding what infants can perceive and remember, given their limited communication abilities?

If a newborn displays a 'difficult' temperament, what behavioral patterns are MOST likely to be observed?

What is the MOST significant finding from Harlow's experiments with rhesus monkeys regarding attachment?

In the Strange Situation test, what behavior would MOST likely indicate a secure attachment style?

What is the MOST likely outcome for a child who consistently experiences inconsistent parenting and is anxious even when the caregiver is present?

How does the development of a theory of mind PRIMARILY influence a child's social interactions?

Which parenting style is MOST associated with promoting high self-esteem, good social skills, and independence, though is not necessarily preferred in all societies?

A child starts using phrases like "Tommy runned" instead of "Tommy ran." What does this MOST likely indicate about their language development?

In what PRIMARY way does reaching sexual maturity impact adolescent development?

How might early maturation affect boys' development during adolescence?

What is the MOST significant contribution of conflict with parents during adolescence?

Which MOST accurately describes the concept of the 'imaginary audience' during adolescence?

How does brain development during adolescence contribute to increased risk-taking behaviors?

What is the key element that promotes psychological resilience in children who may have uninvolved parents?

What is the MOST accurate distinction between gender identity and gender roles developed during childhood?

How does the preferential looking technique allow researchers to learn about infant perception and cognition?

A child consistently clings to their caregiver, is anxious when the caregiver is present, and becomes inconsolable when the caregiver leaves. According to attachment theory, what type of attachment is the child demonstrating?

How is brain plasticity in infancy BEST defined?

In the context of development, what is a critical period?

Why are bold, black and white patterns particularly effective for newborns?

According to the lecture, what are the three temperament categories that are seen in newborns?

What is the BEST description of attachment disorder caused by failure to attach to a caregiver during infancy?

At what age does gender identity start to develop in children?

According to the lecture, what is the time frame when children learn sharing and playing with others?

According to the lecture, what happens between 3 and 6 years of age regarding brain development?

What is one of the most significant problems with early adolescence, according to the lecture?

Identify the incorrect response regarding rates of development in children.

During puberty, what physical developments do females undergo?

According to Erik Erikson, what is the conflict that adolescents face?

Children with what type of temperament tend to be very shy, timid?

If a newborn does NOT display the expected reflexes during an assessment, what is the MOST likely concern?

During infancy, rapid physical development is characterized by 'growth spurts.' What physiological factor primarily drives the increased appetite and fussiness associated with these growth spurts?

Why does the blooming and pruning process in early brain development MOST critically depend on environmental input and experiences?

How does myelination contribute to cognitive and motor skill development in infants and young children?

A baby is born with cataracts. Why is early surgical intervention MOST critical for optimal visual development?

What explains why newborns prefer looking at simple, high-contrast patterns, such as black and white checkerboards, over complex, colorful images?

What is the MOST effective strategy to maintain neural connections during brain development and prevent pruning of those connections?

In assessing an infant's ability to perceive depth using the visual cliff, what observation would MOST strongly suggest that the infant has developed depth perception?

What is the MOST likely reason why a child raised in a bilingual environment from infancy is better able to acquire and fluently speak both languages without an accent compared to an adult learning a second language?

How does the preferential looking technique allow researchers to draw conclusions about infant perception and cognition?

What is the BEST way to characterize temperament in infancy?

Which of the following infant behaviors MOST strongly suggests the development of a 'difficult' temperament?

Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys challenged the previously assumed importance of what factor in the formation of attachment?

In the Strange Situation test, what behavior is MOST characteristic of an infant with secure attachment?

Which of the following caregiving styles is MOST likely to result in a child developing an avoidant attachment?

What pattern of behavior in the Strange Situation test is MOST indicative of disorganized attachment?

According to research on attachment, what is the MOST significant long-term consequence of failing to establish a secure attachment in infancy?

At what age do children typically begin to recognize themselves as physically distinct individuals? (mirror test)

What developmental milestone typically occurs between 4 and 6 years of age that significantly impacts a child's social interactions, and in what way?

What is the MOST accurate description of 'theory of mind,' which typically develops during the preschool years?

What would MOST accurately describe what children learn regarding gender identity around age 2?

A child says, “I have to play with cars because that is what boys do.” What concept has this child acquired?

How might an authoritative parenting approach PRIMARILY influence a child's overall development?

A parent makes very few demands and rarely uses punishment. They tend to be extremely nurturing and loving and behave more like a friend than a parent. What sort of parenting is this?

According to research, what outcomes are MOST associated with an authoritarian parenting style?

How does conflict with parents primarily contribute to the development of adolescents?

What statement BEST describes how language development typically changes from 12 to 18 months?

A child consistently uses the word “runned” instead of “ran” when describing a past event. How MOST appropriately labels that error?

What developmental process during adolescence MOST directly contributes to increased risk-taking behaviors?

How does the concept of the 'imaginary audience' PRIMARILY impact adolescent behavior and emotional experiences?

Early puberty could start as early as age 8 for girls and 9 for boys. When is it not considered abnormal anymore for a child to have their first period?

Early maturing boys tend to become which of the following?

For adolescents, why is the development of a strong sense of identity during childhood MOST important in navigating peer pressure?

What key factor promotes psychological resilience in children with uninvolved parents?

A baby is placed face down and lifted slightly so that their knees and arms touch the surface. They move their legs and feet as if they were crawling. What newborn reflex is being demonstrated?

Which statement is MOST accurate regarding reflexes in newborns?

During a growth spurt in infancy, what is the MOST likely parental observation?

At what age is a child expected to stand while holding on to something?

What BEST describes the process of 'pruning' in the context of early brain development?

What is the MOST likely consequence if a child is born with cataracts and the condition is not corrected early in life?

What is the MOST likely reason a child raised in a bilingual environment from infancy can acquire and fluently speak both languages without an accent?

How does myelination contribute to an infant's developing motor skills?

What is the MOST likely reason why a newborn would show a preference for looking at a simplified black and white pattern of a face over a colorful complex image?

What is the MOST appropriate strategy to maintain neural connections during brain development and prevent pruning of those connections?

According to the lecture, which of the following best characterizes temperament in infancy?

During infancy, which behavior is MOST indicative of a 'difficult' temperament?

Why is it essential for a child to form any secure attachment to even one caregiver?

A child understands that they can be left by a caregiver and the caregiver is going to eventually come back. At what age does this happen?

What does a mirror test primarily measure in child development?

A child consistently uses the word “runned” instead of “ran” when describing a past event. What does this error MOST appropriately label?

According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, adolescents primarily grapple with which central question?

Teenagers often believe that everyone is watching them. What is the psychological concept for this?

What is the MOST accurate way to describe the relationship between blooming and pruning processes during infancy?

Why is the preferential looking technique particularly useful for studying infant perception?

How might a child with a 'slow to warm up' temperament MOST likely react in a new social situation?

In the Strange Situation test, what behaviors would MOST strongly suggest a resistant attachment style?

What is the MOST likely outcome for an infant who consistently experiences neglectful and emotionally unavailable parenting?

How does the development of theory of mind MOST directly impact a child's social competence?

Which parenting style is MOST likely to foster a child's independence and self-reliance while still maintaining a strong, supportive relationship?

A child is using the phrase "I goed to the park." What does this error BEST indicate about the child's language development?

During adolescence, how do primary sexual characteristics DIFFER from secondary sexual characteristics?

How might early maturation (earlier than peers) generally affect a girl's development during adolescence?

What is the MOST significant way that conflict with parents contributes to the adolescent's development?

How does the "imaginary audience" MOST directly influence an adolescent's behavior?

How does brain development during adolescence PRIMARILY contribute to an increased likelihood of risk-taking behaviors?

What key characteristic or factor is MOST likely to promote psychological resilience in children experiencing uninvolved parenting?

How do gender identity and gender roles DIFFER in their development during childhood?

How does the concept of 'personality' differ from that of 'traits,' according to the lecture?

Which of the following BEST describes Wundt's contribution to the study of personality?

What was the PRIMARY method used by Francis Gall to determine personality?

How did Freud's work with Brewer and the patient Anna O. influence his developing theories?

According to Freudian theory, what is the role of the 'preconscious'?

Which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates the concept of 'repression' according to Freud?

What is the significance of dream analysis in Freudian theory?

How would Freud explain a seemingly unintentional slip of the tongue that reveals a person's hidden feelings or desires?

How do the id, ego, and superego interact within Freud's structural model of personality?

In Freudian theory, what causes anxiety?

Using Freud's iceberg analogy, which component of personality is entirely unconscious?

What is the role of defense mechanisms in Freudian theory?

Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to another person?

Which defense mechanism is exemplified by providing a seemingly logical or socially acceptable explanation for questionable behavior?

A person who is unconsciously struggling with aggressive impulses becomes a vocal advocate for non-violence and pacifism. Which defense mechanism is MOST evident in this scenario?

What is the MOST accurate description of the defense mechanism of 'regression,' according to Freudian theory?

What is sublimation, according to Freudian theory?

In Freudian theory, what does the concept of 'libido' refer to?

Which of the following BEST describes what Freud meant by an 'erogenous zone'?

According to Freud, what is the MOST likely outcome for a child who does NOT successfully resolve the conflict associated with a particular psychosexual stage?

In Freud's theory of psychosexual development, what is the PRIMARY conflict during the oral stage?

According to Freud, what fixation can occur as a result of not resolving the conflict in the anal stage?

In Freudian theory, what is the central dynamic of the phallic stage?

According to Freud, what happens during the latency stage of psychosexual development?

In Freudian psychosexual theory, what primary task characterizes the genital stage?

Which of the following represents a significant criticism of Freud's theory of personality development?

Which of the following is recognized as a lasting contribution of Freudian theory to the field of psychology?

What did the neo-Freudians emphasize?

According to Adler, what is the inferiority complex?

Which concept is MOST associated with Carl Jung's theories?

According to Jung, what are archetypes?

Which of the following concepts did Karen Horney introduce that countered a traditional Freudian idea?

What are the three coping strategies outlined by Horny?

Which statement BEST captures the relationship between personality and traits?

How did Wundt refine Hippocrates' four temperaments?

How does phrenology, proposed by Francis Gall, attempt to define personality?

What key element initially led Freud to develop his theories about the unconscious mind?

In Freudian theory, what is the PRIMARY goal of bringing unconscious content into conscious awareness?

How does the concept of 'repression' function within Freud's theory of consciousness?

What is the significance of 'latent content' in Freud's theory of dream analysis?

How does the ego function as a mediator between the id and the superego?

According to Freud, what is the primary source of anxiety?

In Freudian terms, what does the defense mechanism of 'displacement' involve?

How does the defense mechanism of 'rationalization' function?

If an individual who is unconsciously struggling with feelings of inadequacy starts a campaign to end bullying and promote self-esteem, what defense mechanism is at work?

In Freudian theory, what makes sublimation a more adaptive defense mechanism compared to others?

In Freudian theory, what does the concept of 'libido' primarily represent?

According to Freud, what is the MOST likely consequence if a child does NOT successfully resolve the conflicts associated with a particular psychosexual stage?

According to Freud, what is the PRIMARY conflict during the oral stage of psychosexual development?

In Freudian theory, what fixation can occur as a result of not resolving the conflict in the anal stage?

According to Freud’s theory, fixation during the phallic stage may cause an adult to exhibit:

How does Freud explain the latency stage of psychosexual development?

What is a significant criticism of Freud's theory of personality development?

How did the neo-Freudians PRIMARILY differ from Freud in their theoretical focus?

According to Adler, how does the inferiority complex influence behavior?

Which statement BEST reflects Karen Horney's concept of womb envy?

Which of the options is an example of an erogenous zone according to the lecture?

During the phallic stage, a child might develop an attachment to the parent of the opposite sex and jealousy toward the parent of the same sex. What is this called?

A child may fixate in the oral stage if they become overly _ [BLANK] _.

There is a certain stage in Freud's stages of development, the fifth stage to be exact, in which there is no fixation for the child. What stage is this?

Which of the below statements is the MOST correct description of an archetype?

According to Freud, which of the following is NOT a possible resolution to the Oedipus or Electra complex in the phallic stage of development?

A father gets fired from work and comes home and yells at his kids. According to the lecture, what does this demonstrate?

Rationalization has several meanings in psychology but how is it defined in the context of defense mechanisms?

Which of the following is the best example of reaction formation?

A little boy is scared of the dark and insists on bringing a baby blanket to school. Which defense mechanism is at play?

The _ [BLANK] _ is a concept from Jung that describes universal versions of the unconscious that have mental patterns common to all of us.

According to the lecture, what are the different coping styles used to overcome childhood complexes?

How does leptin primarily contribute to the regulation of eating behavior?

According to set point theory, what physiological changes occur in the body when someone drastically reduces their caloric intake to lose weight?

What is the MOST significant limitation of relying solely on Body Mass Index (BMI) to assess an individual's health risk related to weight?

How do convenience and accessibility MOST significantly influence food choices and contribute to patterns of overconsumption?

How does bariatric surgery facilitate weight loss in individuals with severe obesity?

How can the use of medications like semaglutide (e.g., Ozempic, Wegovy) result in weight loss?

What is the MOST significant long-term risk associated with discontinuing weight management medications, such as semaglutide, after achieving initial weight loss?

Which psychological factor is MOST closely associated with social stigma related to being overweight?

In bulimia nervosa, what specific compensatory behavior distinguishes it from other eating disorders?

What is the PRIMARY difference between binge eating disorder and merely overeating occasionally?

What is body dysmorphia, as it relates to eating disorders like anorexia nervosa?

What is the BEST description of 'healthorexia', a modern eating disorder concern?

In the context of sexual behavior, how are sexual motivation and sexual behavior BEST understood in humans?

What role does testosterone typically play in sexual motivation for both men and women?

What is the MOST accurate way to describe 'sexual orientation'?

What is the MOST critical conclusion that can be drawn from studies on same-sex parents and their children?

What does current research MOST strongly suggest regarding the primary determinants of sexual orientation??

Which statement BEST captures current scientific understanding of 'conversion therapy'?

What MOST accurately describes what is meant by the term 'gender identity'?

According to the lecture, how does gender dysphoria manifest?

Individuals identify as 'cisgender' when:

What is the MOST accurate way to describe 'cross-dressing'?

What BEST describes individuals who are categorized as 'intersex'?

What is a 'gastric balloon', and how is this used in bariatric medicine?

There can be several significant consequences from severe bulimia. Which of the following could be caused by Bulimia Nervosa?

How does culture affect one's attitude toward body weight and image?

What is the basal metabolic rate?

How do they diagnose if a person is obese?

What parts of the brain are known to be associated with eating behavior?

Which of the following statements about set point theory is true?

At what BMI is someone considered underweight?

For men and women, what hormone has been observed to impact sexual motivation?

An individual is unhappy and experiences great distress because they don't identify with their assigned gender. What is the psychological term for this feeling?

Where in the brain has shown to be impactful to sexual behavior?

If a surgery is being performed to staple part of the stomach, what bariatric procedure would that be?

What are the major symptoms surrounding Bulimia Nervosa?

If the average model's BMI is 15.3, what does that indicate?

How do personality traits and personality DIFFER, based on the lecture's definition?

How did Wilhelm Wundt adapt Hippocrates' four temperaments in his approach to personality?

What was the PRIMARY contribution of Freud's work with Joseph Breuer and Anna O. to the foundation of his psychoanalytic theory?

How does Freud's concept of the 'preconscious' function in relation to the conscious and unconscious minds?

If someone consistently forgets appointments related to a specific traumatic event, which defense mechanism is MOST likely at play, according to Freud?

How does the concept of 'manifest content' relate to the 'latent content' in Freud's theory of dream analysis?

In Freudian theory, what is the PRIMARY role of the 'ego' in relation to the 'id' and 'superego'?

Why does the ongoing conflict between the id and superego create anxiety, according to Freud?

A person consistently accuses others of being dishonest, while unconsciously struggling with their own deceptive tendencies. Which defense mechanism is MOST evident?

A student who is failing a course convinces themselves that the course is unimportant for their future career goals, thus reducing their anxiety. Which defense mechanism is MOST likely in use?

An individual with strong, unconscious aggressive impulses becomes an outspoken advocate for non-violence and peace. Which defense mechanism is BEST exemplified?

How does 'sublimation' DIFFER fundamentally from other defense mechanisms in Freudian theory?

In Freudian terms, what determines the 'erogenous zone' during each stage of psychosexual development?

According to Freud, what is the MAIN consequence of failing to resolve the central conflict at a specific psychosexual stage?

According to Freud, what complex can arise for boys during the phallic stage of psychosexual development?

In response to Freud, Alfred Adler suggested what key motivating force behind all behaviors?

What is the meaning of Jung's concept of 'archetypes'?

What is the MOST appropriate response regarding one of Karen Horney's key concepts that contrasted directly with Freudian theory?

What is the PRIMARY focus of the neo-Freudian perspective on personality development?

According to Karen Horney, what are the coping styles that people develop?

Genetic predispositions to obesity are BEST described as what?

What is the MOST accurate interpretation of 'set point' regarding body weight?

What BEST describes how the body may react in response to a drastic reduction of food intake with the goal of losing weight?

If someone has a BMI of 31, how might a doctor further assess their health?

What BEST explains why bariatric surgery patients are often required to participate in a weight loss program for a year before surgery?

What physiological change caused by the use of medications like semaglutide can MOST directly lead to potential health issues?

What MOST accurately reflects cultural differences in how obesity is viewed?

What is the key distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder?

What is the MOST significant long-term health risk specifically associated with bulimia nervosa?

What cognitive distortion is MOST characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

How can sociocultural factors contribute to eating disorders?

What physiological factor MOST directly underlies the decline in sexual motivation observed with aging?

What is the key CONCEPT that differentiates a pansexual individual from a bisexual individual?

What evidence suggests that sexual orientation is NOT solely determined by socialization or familial experiences?

What contributes to our understanding of the physiological elements of sexual orientation?

A term for distress caused by a mismatch between one's gender identity and assigned sex is what?

In what way does cross-dressing DISTINCTLY differ from being transgender?

How does the contemporary recommendation for intersex individuals differ from the practices of the past?

What is ACCURATE regarding metabolic rate?

What statement is TRUE regarding weight?

Why can salad be considered an unhealthy choice at times?

An individual in the super obese category would have a BMI between what two numbers?

Semaglutide was originally designed for which condition?

What is TRUE about bariatric surgery?

The hypothalamus is part of two systems, what are they?

The rate in that our body needs to expend in order to maintain bodily function refers to what?

In women, very high levels of what hormone will result in very different behaviors?

If someone identifies as transgender, what does that mean?

An individual who has attractions to any sex, gender identity, or gender expression is considered to be what?

Which of the eating disorders includes binging and purging?

In the past, how did doctors typically encourage parents of intersex children?

According to research concerning twins, approximately what percentage of identical twins report having the same sexual orientation?

If someone has an alteration in hormone exposure resulting in primary or secondary sexual characteristics that differ from the norm, this is a reference to people who identify as what?

Someone who is described as aromantic may have sexual attraction to others, but not what?

According to research, what is the correlation between families and the acquirement of sexual orientation?

It is stated that most scientists agree society still has what concerning various sexual orientations?

Having a high body mass is associated in general with negative characteristics. However, this is considered to be what?

Which of the following physiological responses is LEAST likely to occur as a direct result of increased leptin levels?

If a researcher aims to study the specific role of the hypothalamus in eating behavior, which method would provide the MOST direct evidence?

Which scenario BEST demonstrates the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors in determining body weight?

What is the MOST significant limitation of solely relying on BMI to assess an individual's health risk related to weight?

Which strategy would be MOST effective in shifting an individual's 'set point' for body weight to a lower level?

How do medications like semaglutide primarily assist in weight loss for individuals with obesity?

What is the MOST crucial factor in determining the long-term success of bariatric surgery for weight loss?

What is the MOST likely physiological explanation for why it is difficult to maintain weight loss after dieting?

In the context of eating disorders, what is the MOST critical distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder?

Which of the following statements BEST captures the concept of body dysmorphia, as it relates to anorexia nervosa?

Which of the following factors MOST significantly contributes to the social stigma associated with obesity?

Which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates how cultural norms can influence perception and acceptance of body weight?

What is the MOST accurate interpretation of the concept of 'sexual orientation'?

Which observation provides the STRONGEST evidence against the idea that sexual orientation is solely determined by social or familial experiences?

What is the functional significance of the hypothalamus in human sexuality?

What is the key distinction between 'gender identity' and 'sexual orientation'?

Which statement BEST characterizes the role of the hormone testosterone in sexual motivation for both males and females?

What is the MOST commonly accepted scientific view regarding the origins of sexual orientation?

How do transgender individuals DIFFER MOST significantly from intersex individuals?

How do behaviorists view personality development?

Which of the following BEST describes 'reciprocal determinism' in social cognitive theory?

How does high self-efficacy MOST directly influence a person's behavior and choices?

How does an external locus of control affect an individual's response to receiving negative feedback, such as a poor performance review?

How does Mischel's perspective of 'person-situation interaction' differ from strict behaviorism?

How does Mischel's marshmallow test relate to the concept of self-regulation?

How do humanistic psychologists view human behavior compared with psychodynamic approaches?

Which BEST describes a key difference between Maslow's deficiency needs and growth needs?

According to Carl Rogers, how does incongruence between the real self and ideal self MOST directly affect psychological well-being?

According to Rogers, what is the MOST critical component of unconditional positive regard, and how does it relate to personal growth?

What is one of the MOST significant findings from twin studies regarding personality?

How might a parent with sensation-seeking tendencies MOST effectively guide their equally sensation-seeking child?

How does temperament as assessed in infancy relate to personality development later in life?

What is the primary functional difference in brain activity between introverts and extroverts, according to research?

How did Gordon Allport reduce the number of personality descriptors, and what was the primary goal of this reduction?

Within trait theory, how BEST can cardinal traits can be described?

What was Raymond Cattell's primary contribution to trait theory after Allport's initial work?

Within Cattell's 16PF, how are personality factors represented?

Which trait theory is MOST commonly used in psychological research and assessment today?

What acronym can be used to remember the Big Five personality factors?

Which of the Big Five personality traits is MOST strongly associated with imagination, seeking variety, and independence?

A test shows high conscientiousness, a need to be organized, careful and self-disciplined. How would that person be described?

Which of the Big Five personality traits reflects the degree to which people are cooperative, helpful, and trusting of others?

What does high neuroticism reflect about an individual's personality?

How does culture INTERPRET rather than DETERMINE specific personality traits?

What is selective migration and how might that influence regional personality profiles?

How do individualistic and collectivistic cultures DIFFER with respect to personality traits?

How do most personalities change as people age?

How do objective tests of personality, such as self-report inventories, reduce subjectivity?

What is 'social desirability' and how does that impact objective personality tests?

What purpose do questions assessing 'consistency' serve in objective personality tests like the MMPI?

How do projective tests attempt to assess personality?

How does the nature of interpretation in projective tests affect their validity?

If a psychologist asks a client to tell a story about a series of ambiguous pictures, which type of personality assessment is being used?

What is the MOST significant limitation of projective personality tests?

Why might culturally appropriate projective tests, like the Tell-Me-A-Story (TEMAS), be more effective for minority individuals?

According to behaviorist theory, how is personality primarily shaped?

In social cognitive theory, what is the role of cognition in shaping behavior?