Questions and Answers
How does Kayla submit her essays for credit?
She submits the essay online through campus before 9 PM on Friday, April 21.
What best reflects parasympathetic nervous system activity?
Increased digestion
What do secondary appraisals involve according to Lazarus?
Evaluating your response options and selecting a coping behavior.
What does the HPA axis involve?
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How does the Schachter-Singer theory of emotions describe the process?
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What is one consequence of prolonged activation of the HPA axis due to chronic stress?
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What is the term for the test where respondents pair black and white faces with pleasant or unpleasant words?
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What theory of emotions is being applied when James' mother tells him to sit quietly to calm down?
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What was a significant finding in Stanley Milgram's research on obedience?
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What is self-scheme?
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What defense mechanism is exemplified by a woman in denial about her husband's affair?
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What supports an incentive-salience perspective of motivation?
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How does Freud define defense mechanisms?
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What might be a behavior of someone dominated by the id?
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What is the purpose of homeostatic behaviors?
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The main advantage of a stereotype is that it ____; the main disadvantage is that it _____.
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_____ attitudes influence feelings and behavior on an unconscious level.
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What is the main goal of the positive psychology movement?
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What are the stages of sexual development according to Freud?
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What is the major difference between emotion-focused and problem-focused coping?
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According to Freud, the 'anal stage' is a normal part of psychosexual development.
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How would Freud explain excessive eating, drinking, or smoking?
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What is the main conclusion of Milgram's studies?
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Someone with a body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 24 is considered ____ under this scale.
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What happened in Zimbardo's prison study?
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What behavior exemplifies cognitive dissonance?
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What complex is a boy experiencing when he has a sexual interest in his mother?
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What might indicate that a person has a Type A personality?
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What is catharsis?
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Freud's theory of personality is an example of a ____ theory.
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The same 'Big Five' personality traits have been found to be the same across cultures.
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What should a nutritionist do to regulate the gastric phase of eating?
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What are the five traits that account for most personality differences?
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What type of approach does Dr. Driskell use in personality psychology?
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Why do men and women differ in sexual behavior according to sexual strategies theory?
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What differentiates eustress from distress?
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In Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, what happens during phase II?
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What is the potential danger for Remy the rat who has lost his appetite?
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What does 'he got into a fight because he is an aggressive person' exemplify?
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What primarily influences temperamental differences in humans?
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What does psychologists use the term 'personality' to refer to?
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What condition is likely to produce the best work in a study setting regarding social loafing?
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What should increase feeding behavior?
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If Dirk fails his calculus exam, what self-serving attribution might he make?
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What is the fundamental attribution error?
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What does Inga likely attribute her own errors to compared to her opponent's errors?
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An ingroup is the group that someone belongs to.
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What bias does Katie exhibit towards her sorority and fraternities?
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What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law characterized graphically as?
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What type of receptor decreases food intake?
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What is self-esteem?
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Idiographic approaches to evaluating personality focus on individual lives.
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What is social facilitation?
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What is an example of Freud's defense mechanism of projection?
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What does Zimbardo's prison study illustrate?
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What is the difference between eustress and distress?
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What factor is responsible for stress according to the Holmes and Rahe scale?
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In Freud's theory, the superego is the part of personality that includes the drives for biological gratification.
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What occurs during Phase III of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome?
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What do primary appraisals involve according to Lazarus?
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What hormone is released from the adrenals during a stressful event in the HPA axis?
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What is a problem associated with prolonged activation of the HPA axis due to chronic stress?
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How would Freud explain excessive eating or drinking behavior?
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What is the process of assigning causes to someone's behavior known as?
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What is the fundamental attribution error?
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What mechanism does Professor Marcus use to maintain her stereotype of student athletes?
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What might research suggest about a shy person from childhood?
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What does the Implicit Association Test (IAT) measure?
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What phenomenon does Stanley Milgram's experiment illustrate?
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What reflects sympathetic nervous system activity?
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What does the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions describe?
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What occurs if misattribution of arousal happens to Pierre and Priscilla on a roller-coaster?
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What would support a drive reduction view of motivation?
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How is body mass index (BMI) calculated?
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What should a nutritionist do to help people lose weight via the cephalic phase of eating?
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What are two of the Big Five personality factors?
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What law might explain Thabo's surprise at the end of his exam?
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What is Freud's psycho-sexual energy called?
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How do cultural display rules influence emotional expression?
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How does oxytocin influence sexual behavior?
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Study Notes
Research Submission
- Kayla submits her essays online before the deadline of 9 PM on Friday, April 21.
Nervous System Functions
- Parasympathetic nervous system activity is characterized by increased digestion.
Cognitive Appraisal
- Lazarus identifies cognitive appraisal as consisting of two parts: primary (assessing stress relevance) and secondary (evaluating response options to select coping strategies).
HPA Axis
- The HPA axis initiates with the activation of the hypothalamus, which is crucial in the stress response.
Emotion Theories
- Schachter-Singer theory posits that bodily responses are labeled to produce emotions.
- The James-Lange theory suggests emotions are results of physiological responses.
Chronic Stress Effects
- Prolonged activation of the HPA axis can damage neurons in the hippocampus.
Implicit Attitudes
- The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is utilized to assess unconscious biases by pairing stimuli.
Obedience Research
- Stanley Milgram's study showcased that participants believed they were administering shocks to others, revealing insights on obedience to authority.
Self-Concept
- Self-scheme consists of integrated memories and beliefs about oneself, facilitating self-evaluation.
Defense Mechanisms
- Denial is exemplified when an individual refuses to accept their partner's infidelity.
- Freud's defense mechanisms serve as unconscious methods to shield the mind from distress.
Motivation and Behavior
- Incentive-salience is illustrated when an ad prompts an individual to seek snacks.
- Homeostatic behaviors aim to stabilize bodily conditions.
Personality and Stereotypes
- Stereotypes facilitate rapid information processing but can induce errors in judgment.
- The "Big Five" traits include neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, influencing personality.
Freud's Developmental Stages
- Freud outlined psychosexual development through stages: oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital.
- The Oedipus complex describes boys' developmental challenges involving sexual attraction to mothers and rivalry with fathers.
Stress and Coping Strategies
- Differentiate between emotion-focused coping (reducing distress) and problem-focused coping (addressing the issue directly).
- Eustress is defined as positive stress, while distress refers to negative stress.
Attribution Theories
- Self-serving attributions explain failures based on external factors.
- The fundamental attribution error involves overlooking situational factors and overemphasizing personality traits.
Group Dynamics
- Social loafing, where individuals exert less effort in a group, can be mitigated by assigning specific tasks.
Health Indicators
- A Body Mass Index (BMI) of 18 to 24 designates a healthy weight range.
- Cannabinoid receptors influence appetite, with antagonists decreasing and agonists increasing food intake.
Cultural Influences on Emotion
- Cultural display rules affect emotional expression based on social contexts, as seen in Japanese students exhibiting different emotions alone versus in groups.
Psychological Theories
- Freud's psychodynamic theory stresses the importance of unconscious motivations and conflicts in shaping personality and behavior.
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards for Psychology Exam 3 based on the material covered in the course. From submission guidelines for essays to understanding the parasympathetic nervous system, this quiz covers key concepts you need to know.