Psychology Exam 3 Flashcards - Miller Mizzou
80 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

How does Kayla submit her essays for credit?

She submits the essay online through campus before 9 PM on Friday, April 21.

What best reflects parasympathetic nervous system activity?

Increased digestion

What do secondary appraisals involve according to Lazarus?

Evaluating your response options and selecting a coping behavior.

What does the HPA axis involve?

<p>Initial activation of the hypothalamus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Schachter-Singer theory of emotions describe the process?

<p>A bodily response is labeled with an explanation, which leads to emotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of prolonged activation of the HPA axis due to chronic stress?

<p>It damages neurons in the hippocampus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the test where respondents pair black and white faces with pleasant or unpleasant words?

<p>Implicit Association Test (IAT).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theory of emotions is being applied when James' mother tells him to sit quietly to calm down?

<p>James-Lange theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant finding in Stanley Milgram's research on obedience?

<p>Participants thought they were shocking someone else, although they really weren't.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is self-scheme?

<p>Integrated set of memories, beliefs, and generalizations about the self.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defense mechanism is exemplified by a woman in denial about her husband's affair?

<p>Denial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What supports an incentive-salience perspective of motivation?

<p>Jessica sees an ad for chips on television and goes to the kitchen for a snack.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Freud define defense mechanisms?

<p>Unconscious strategies that the mind uses to protect itself from distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a behavior of someone dominated by the id?

<p>Do things he later regrets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of homeostatic behaviors?

<p>Stabilize conditions in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main advantage of a stereotype is that it ____; the main disadvantage is that it _____.

<p>allows for rapid processing; can lead to errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ attitudes influence feelings and behavior on an unconscious level.

<p>Implicit</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the positive psychology movement?

<p>Study and understand psychological well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages of sexual development according to Freud?

<p>Oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major difference between emotion-focused and problem-focused coping?

<p>Whether one attempts to reduce the emotions associated with the stressor or solve the problem directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, the 'anal stage' is a normal part of psychosexual development.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would Freud explain excessive eating, drinking, or smoking?

<p>The person had a fixation during the oral stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main conclusion of Milgram's studies?

<p>Ordinary people will obey authority even when they do not want to.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Someone with a body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 24 is considered ____ under this scale.

<p>healthy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened in Zimbardo's prison study?

<p>The prison guards became so cruel that the study had to be called to an end after only six days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behavior exemplifies cognitive dissonance?

<p>Eating an unhealthy diet despite knowing the negative consequences but rationalizing the behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complex is a boy experiencing when he has a sexual interest in his mother?

<p>Oedipus complex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might indicate that a person has a Type A personality?

<p>Seeing someone who is right in the face and 'ready to explode' with anger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is catharsis?

<p>The process of releasing an emotion, getting it out of one's system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Freud's theory of personality is an example of a ____ theory.

<p>psychodynamic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The same 'Big Five' personality traits have been found to be the same across cultures.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a nutritionist do to regulate the gastric phase of eating?

<p>Develop a drug that regulates the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) from the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five traits that account for most personality differences?

<p>Neuroticism, extraversion, openness to new experiences, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of approach does Dr. Driskell use in personality psychology?

<p>Type approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do men and women differ in sexual behavior according to sexual strategies theory?

<p>They face different adaptive problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates eustress from distress?

<p>Whether the event is perceived as positive or negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, what happens during phase II?

<p>Our resistance to stress increases and then decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential danger for Remy the rat who has lost his appetite?

<p>Damage to the hypothalamus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'he got into a fight because he is an aggressive person' exemplify?

<p>An internal (personal) attribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily influences temperamental differences in humans?

<p>Underlying differences in biological processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does psychologists use the term 'personality' to refer to?

<p>Characteristics and behaviors that are relatively stable over time and circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is likely to produce the best work in a study setting regarding social loafing?

<p>Each student paints one room by himself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should increase feeding behavior?

<p>Decreasing the amount of leptin in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Dirk fails his calculus exam, what self-serving attribution might he make?

<p>The exam having been too difficult to be fair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental attribution error?

<p>The tendency for people to overemphasize personality and underestimate the situation when making attributions about others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Inga likely attribute her own errors to compared to her opponent's errors?

<p>Confusing questions from the panel; poor debating skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ingroup is the group that someone belongs to.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bias does Katie exhibit towards her sorority and fraternities?

<p>Outgroup homogeneity effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law characterized graphically as?

<p>An inverted (upside down) U-shaped function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptor decreases food intake?

<p>Cannabinoid receptor antagonists, like SR141716A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is self-esteem?

<p>That evaluation aspect of self-concept.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Idiographic approaches to evaluating personality focus on individual lives.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is social facilitation?

<p>The presence of others may lead to increased arousal and enhance performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of Freud's defense mechanism of projection?

<p>Someone who has used illegal drugs accuses other people of being drug users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Zimbardo's prison study illustrate?

<p>People behave in accord with their role in a situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between eustress and distress?

<p>Whether the event is perceived as positive or negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is responsible for stress according to the Holmes and Rahe scale?

<p>Change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Freud's theory, the superego is the part of personality that includes the drives for biological gratification.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Phase III of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome?

<p>Our resistance to stress decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do primary appraisals involve according to Lazarus?

<p>Deciding whether an event is stressful or irrelevant to you.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is released from the adrenals during a stressful event in the HPA axis?

<p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a problem associated with prolonged activation of the HPA axis due to chronic stress?

<p>It damages neurons in the hippocampus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would Freud explain excessive eating or drinking behavior?

<p>The person had a fixation during the oral stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of assigning causes to someone's behavior known as?

<p>Attribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental attribution error?

<p>The tendency for people to overemphasize personality and underestimate the situation when making attributions about others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism does Professor Marcus use to maintain her stereotype of student athletes?

<p>She maintains her stereotype by ignoring evidence that contradicts it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might research suggest about a shy person from childhood?

<p>She displayed signs of inhibition and social distress even as a very young child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Implicit Association Test (IAT) measure?

<p>Unconscious attitudes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon does Stanley Milgram's experiment illustrate?

<p>Obedience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reflects sympathetic nervous system activity?

<p>Increased blood pressure and increased heart rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions describe?

<p>Bodily response and emotion are experienced separately and simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs if misattribution of arousal happens to Pierre and Priscilla on a roller-coaster?

<p>They will be more likely to find one another attractive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would support a drive reduction view of motivation?

<p>Amanda hasn't had a meal since last night and eats a sandwich.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is body mass index (BMI) calculated?

<p>A person's body weight is divided by his height.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a nutritionist do to help people lose weight via the cephalic phase of eating?

<p>Encourage people to manage the stressors that contribute to overeating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two of the Big Five personality factors?

<p>Neuroticism and conscientiousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What law might explain Thabo's surprise at the end of his exam?

<p>The Yerkes-Dodson law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Freud's psycho-sexual energy called?

<p>Libido.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cultural display rules influence emotional expression?

<p>They dictate acceptable emotional expressions in different contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does oxytocin influence sexual behavior?

<p>Promotes feelings of love and attachment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research Submission

  • Kayla submits her essays online before the deadline of 9 PM on Friday, April 21.

Nervous System Functions

  • Parasympathetic nervous system activity is characterized by increased digestion.

Cognitive Appraisal

  • Lazarus identifies cognitive appraisal as consisting of two parts: primary (assessing stress relevance) and secondary (evaluating response options to select coping strategies).

HPA Axis

  • The HPA axis initiates with the activation of the hypothalamus, which is crucial in the stress response.

Emotion Theories

  • Schachter-Singer theory posits that bodily responses are labeled to produce emotions.
  • The James-Lange theory suggests emotions are results of physiological responses.

Chronic Stress Effects

  • Prolonged activation of the HPA axis can damage neurons in the hippocampus.

Implicit Attitudes

  • The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is utilized to assess unconscious biases by pairing stimuli.

Obedience Research

  • Stanley Milgram's study showcased that participants believed they were administering shocks to others, revealing insights on obedience to authority.

Self-Concept

  • Self-scheme consists of integrated memories and beliefs about oneself, facilitating self-evaluation.

Defense Mechanisms

  • Denial is exemplified when an individual refuses to accept their partner's infidelity.
  • Freud's defense mechanisms serve as unconscious methods to shield the mind from distress.

Motivation and Behavior

  • Incentive-salience is illustrated when an ad prompts an individual to seek snacks.
  • Homeostatic behaviors aim to stabilize bodily conditions.

Personality and Stereotypes

  • Stereotypes facilitate rapid information processing but can induce errors in judgment.
  • The "Big Five" traits include neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, influencing personality.

Freud's Developmental Stages

  • Freud outlined psychosexual development through stages: oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital.
  • The Oedipus complex describes boys' developmental challenges involving sexual attraction to mothers and rivalry with fathers.

Stress and Coping Strategies

  • Differentiate between emotion-focused coping (reducing distress) and problem-focused coping (addressing the issue directly).
  • Eustress is defined as positive stress, while distress refers to negative stress.

Attribution Theories

  • Self-serving attributions explain failures based on external factors.
  • The fundamental attribution error involves overlooking situational factors and overemphasizing personality traits.

Group Dynamics

  • Social loafing, where individuals exert less effort in a group, can be mitigated by assigning specific tasks.

Health Indicators

  • A Body Mass Index (BMI) of 18 to 24 designates a healthy weight range.
  • Cannabinoid receptors influence appetite, with antagonists decreasing and agonists increasing food intake.

Cultural Influences on Emotion

  • Cultural display rules affect emotional expression based on social contexts, as seen in Japanese students exhibiting different emotions alone versus in groups.

Psychological Theories

  • Freud's psychodynamic theory stresses the importance of unconscious motivations and conflicts in shaping personality and behavior.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards for Psychology Exam 3 based on the material covered in the course. From submission guidelines for essays to understanding the parasympathetic nervous system, this quiz covers key concepts you need to know.

More Like This

Psychology Exam 1 (Chapters 1-4) Flashcards
19 questions

Psychology Exam 1 (Chapters 1-4) Flashcards

AttentiveRococo avatar
AttentiveRococo
Psychology Exam #1 (Chapters 1-3) Flashcards
71 questions

Psychology Exam #1 (Chapters 1-3) Flashcards

LionheartedBrazilNutTree avatar
LionheartedBrazilNutTree
Psychology Exam 2 Flashcards
50 questions

Psychology Exam 2 Flashcards

FreedRhyme avatar
FreedRhyme
AP Psychology Exam Review Flashcards
27 questions

AP Psychology Exam Review Flashcards

ProfoundPearTree avatar
ProfoundPearTree
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser