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Questions and Answers
How does Kayla submit her essays for credit?
How does Kayla submit her essays for credit?
She submits the essay online through campus before 9 PM on Friday, April 21.
What best reflects parasympathetic nervous system activity?
What best reflects parasympathetic nervous system activity?
Increased digestion
What do secondary appraisals involve according to Lazarus?
What do secondary appraisals involve according to Lazarus?
Evaluating your response options and selecting a coping behavior.
What does the HPA axis involve?
What does the HPA axis involve?
How does the Schachter-Singer theory of emotions describe the process?
How does the Schachter-Singer theory of emotions describe the process?
What is one consequence of prolonged activation of the HPA axis due to chronic stress?
What is one consequence of prolonged activation of the HPA axis due to chronic stress?
What is the term for the test where respondents pair black and white faces with pleasant or unpleasant words?
What is the term for the test where respondents pair black and white faces with pleasant or unpleasant words?
What theory of emotions is being applied when James' mother tells him to sit quietly to calm down?
What theory of emotions is being applied when James' mother tells him to sit quietly to calm down?
What was a significant finding in Stanley Milgram's research on obedience?
What was a significant finding in Stanley Milgram's research on obedience?
What is self-scheme?
What is self-scheme?
What defense mechanism is exemplified by a woman in denial about her husband's affair?
What defense mechanism is exemplified by a woman in denial about her husband's affair?
What supports an incentive-salience perspective of motivation?
What supports an incentive-salience perspective of motivation?
How does Freud define defense mechanisms?
How does Freud define defense mechanisms?
What might be a behavior of someone dominated by the id?
What might be a behavior of someone dominated by the id?
What is the purpose of homeostatic behaviors?
What is the purpose of homeostatic behaviors?
The main advantage of a stereotype is that it ____; the main disadvantage is that it _____.
The main advantage of a stereotype is that it ____; the main disadvantage is that it _____.
_____ attitudes influence feelings and behavior on an unconscious level.
_____ attitudes influence feelings and behavior on an unconscious level.
What is the main goal of the positive psychology movement?
What is the main goal of the positive psychology movement?
What are the stages of sexual development according to Freud?
What are the stages of sexual development according to Freud?
What is the major difference between emotion-focused and problem-focused coping?
What is the major difference between emotion-focused and problem-focused coping?
According to Freud, the 'anal stage' is a normal part of psychosexual development.
According to Freud, the 'anal stage' is a normal part of psychosexual development.
How would Freud explain excessive eating, drinking, or smoking?
How would Freud explain excessive eating, drinking, or smoking?
What is the main conclusion of Milgram's studies?
What is the main conclusion of Milgram's studies?
Someone with a body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 24 is considered ____ under this scale.
Someone with a body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 24 is considered ____ under this scale.
What happened in Zimbardo's prison study?
What happened in Zimbardo's prison study?
What behavior exemplifies cognitive dissonance?
What behavior exemplifies cognitive dissonance?
What complex is a boy experiencing when he has a sexual interest in his mother?
What complex is a boy experiencing when he has a sexual interest in his mother?
What might indicate that a person has a Type A personality?
What might indicate that a person has a Type A personality?
What is catharsis?
What is catharsis?
Freud's theory of personality is an example of a ____ theory.
Freud's theory of personality is an example of a ____ theory.
The same 'Big Five' personality traits have been found to be the same across cultures.
The same 'Big Five' personality traits have been found to be the same across cultures.
What should a nutritionist do to regulate the gastric phase of eating?
What should a nutritionist do to regulate the gastric phase of eating?
What are the five traits that account for most personality differences?
What are the five traits that account for most personality differences?
What type of approach does Dr. Driskell use in personality psychology?
What type of approach does Dr. Driskell use in personality psychology?
Why do men and women differ in sexual behavior according to sexual strategies theory?
Why do men and women differ in sexual behavior according to sexual strategies theory?
What differentiates eustress from distress?
What differentiates eustress from distress?
In Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, what happens during phase II?
In Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, what happens during phase II?
What is the potential danger for Remy the rat who has lost his appetite?
What is the potential danger for Remy the rat who has lost his appetite?
What does 'he got into a fight because he is an aggressive person' exemplify?
What does 'he got into a fight because he is an aggressive person' exemplify?
What primarily influences temperamental differences in humans?
What primarily influences temperamental differences in humans?
What does psychologists use the term 'personality' to refer to?
What does psychologists use the term 'personality' to refer to?
What condition is likely to produce the best work in a study setting regarding social loafing?
What condition is likely to produce the best work in a study setting regarding social loafing?
What should increase feeding behavior?
What should increase feeding behavior?
If Dirk fails his calculus exam, what self-serving attribution might he make?
If Dirk fails his calculus exam, what self-serving attribution might he make?
What is the fundamental attribution error?
What is the fundamental attribution error?
What does Inga likely attribute her own errors to compared to her opponent's errors?
What does Inga likely attribute her own errors to compared to her opponent's errors?
An ingroup is the group that someone belongs to.
An ingroup is the group that someone belongs to.
What bias does Katie exhibit towards her sorority and fraternities?
What bias does Katie exhibit towards her sorority and fraternities?
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law characterized graphically as?
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law characterized graphically as?
What type of receptor decreases food intake?
What type of receptor decreases food intake?
What is self-esteem?
What is self-esteem?
Idiographic approaches to evaluating personality focus on individual lives.
Idiographic approaches to evaluating personality focus on individual lives.
What is social facilitation?
What is social facilitation?
What is an example of Freud's defense mechanism of projection?
What is an example of Freud's defense mechanism of projection?
What does Zimbardo's prison study illustrate?
What does Zimbardo's prison study illustrate?
What is the difference between eustress and distress?
What is the difference between eustress and distress?
What factor is responsible for stress according to the Holmes and Rahe scale?
What factor is responsible for stress according to the Holmes and Rahe scale?
In Freud's theory, the superego is the part of personality that includes the drives for biological gratification.
In Freud's theory, the superego is the part of personality that includes the drives for biological gratification.
What occurs during Phase III of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome?
What occurs during Phase III of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome?
What do primary appraisals involve according to Lazarus?
What do primary appraisals involve according to Lazarus?
What hormone is released from the adrenals during a stressful event in the HPA axis?
What hormone is released from the adrenals during a stressful event in the HPA axis?
What is a problem associated with prolonged activation of the HPA axis due to chronic stress?
What is a problem associated with prolonged activation of the HPA axis due to chronic stress?
How would Freud explain excessive eating or drinking behavior?
How would Freud explain excessive eating or drinking behavior?
What is the process of assigning causes to someone's behavior known as?
What is the process of assigning causes to someone's behavior known as?
What is the fundamental attribution error?
What is the fundamental attribution error?
What mechanism does Professor Marcus use to maintain her stereotype of student athletes?
What mechanism does Professor Marcus use to maintain her stereotype of student athletes?
What might research suggest about a shy person from childhood?
What might research suggest about a shy person from childhood?
What does the Implicit Association Test (IAT) measure?
What does the Implicit Association Test (IAT) measure?
What phenomenon does Stanley Milgram's experiment illustrate?
What phenomenon does Stanley Milgram's experiment illustrate?
What reflects sympathetic nervous system activity?
What reflects sympathetic nervous system activity?
What does the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions describe?
What does the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions describe?
What occurs if misattribution of arousal happens to Pierre and Priscilla on a roller-coaster?
What occurs if misattribution of arousal happens to Pierre and Priscilla on a roller-coaster?
What would support a drive reduction view of motivation?
What would support a drive reduction view of motivation?
How is body mass index (BMI) calculated?
How is body mass index (BMI) calculated?
What should a nutritionist do to help people lose weight via the cephalic phase of eating?
What should a nutritionist do to help people lose weight via the cephalic phase of eating?
What are two of the Big Five personality factors?
What are two of the Big Five personality factors?
What law might explain Thabo's surprise at the end of his exam?
What law might explain Thabo's surprise at the end of his exam?
What is Freud's psycho-sexual energy called?
What is Freud's psycho-sexual energy called?
How do cultural display rules influence emotional expression?
How do cultural display rules influence emotional expression?
How does oxytocin influence sexual behavior?
How does oxytocin influence sexual behavior?
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Study Notes
Research Submission
- Kayla submits her essays online before the deadline of 9 PM on Friday, April 21.
Nervous System Functions
- Parasympathetic nervous system activity is characterized by increased digestion.
Cognitive Appraisal
- Lazarus identifies cognitive appraisal as consisting of two parts: primary (assessing stress relevance) and secondary (evaluating response options to select coping strategies).
HPA Axis
- The HPA axis initiates with the activation of the hypothalamus, which is crucial in the stress response.
Emotion Theories
- Schachter-Singer theory posits that bodily responses are labeled to produce emotions.
- The James-Lange theory suggests emotions are results of physiological responses.
Chronic Stress Effects
- Prolonged activation of the HPA axis can damage neurons in the hippocampus.
Implicit Attitudes
- The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is utilized to assess unconscious biases by pairing stimuli.
Obedience Research
- Stanley Milgram's study showcased that participants believed they were administering shocks to others, revealing insights on obedience to authority.
Self-Concept
- Self-scheme consists of integrated memories and beliefs about oneself, facilitating self-evaluation.
Defense Mechanisms
- Denial is exemplified when an individual refuses to accept their partner's infidelity.
- Freud's defense mechanisms serve as unconscious methods to shield the mind from distress.
Motivation and Behavior
- Incentive-salience is illustrated when an ad prompts an individual to seek snacks.
- Homeostatic behaviors aim to stabilize bodily conditions.
Personality and Stereotypes
- Stereotypes facilitate rapid information processing but can induce errors in judgment.
- The "Big Five" traits include neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, influencing personality.
Freud's Developmental Stages
- Freud outlined psychosexual development through stages: oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital.
- The Oedipus complex describes boys' developmental challenges involving sexual attraction to mothers and rivalry with fathers.
Stress and Coping Strategies
- Differentiate between emotion-focused coping (reducing distress) and problem-focused coping (addressing the issue directly).
- Eustress is defined as positive stress, while distress refers to negative stress.
Attribution Theories
- Self-serving attributions explain failures based on external factors.
- The fundamental attribution error involves overlooking situational factors and overemphasizing personality traits.
Group Dynamics
- Social loafing, where individuals exert less effort in a group, can be mitigated by assigning specific tasks.
Health Indicators
- A Body Mass Index (BMI) of 18 to 24 designates a healthy weight range.
- Cannabinoid receptors influence appetite, with antagonists decreasing and agonists increasing food intake.
Cultural Influences on Emotion
- Cultural display rules affect emotional expression based on social contexts, as seen in Japanese students exhibiting different emotions alone versus in groups.
Psychological Theories
- Freud's psychodynamic theory stresses the importance of unconscious motivations and conflicts in shaping personality and behavior.
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