Questions and Answers
What is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?
The Cannon-Bard theory states that the emotional stimulus enters our sensory systems which causes us to feel emotions which causes emotional expression responses.
What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?
The James-Lange theory states that the emotional stimulus enters our sensory systems and causes emotional expression responses which causes us to feel emotions.
What theory does recent research suggest supports a lack of emotional feelings despite having emotional responses?
James-Lange theory
Who first identified the limbic lobe and named it?
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Describe the Papez circuit.
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Does the Papez circuit support the James-Lange theory or the Cannon-Bard theory?
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How is the MacLean concept of the limbic system different from the Papez circuit?
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What is the modern concept of the limbic system?
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Phineas Gage's accident showed that what area of the brain is involved in emotion?
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What unwanted effects did frontal lobotomies have despite helping certain symptoms in patients?
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What did the Klüver-Bucy experiments on rhesus monkeys show regarding emotional behavior?
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Removal of what area of the brain causes an animal to lose a learned fear response, indicating its crucial role in fear?
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What other system leads to a quicker fear response alongside the emotional circuit pathway?
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In an experiment measuring brain activity in response to different faces, fearful faces caused increased activity in what area?
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How does the hippocampus help to regulate the stress response?
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What two abnormalities lead to an increased stress response?
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What sort of behavior might temporal lobe tumors that compromise the amygdala lead to?
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Temporal lobe epilepsy leads to what sort of hallucinations?
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Study Notes
Cannon-Bard Theory
- Proposes that emotional stimuli are processed by sensory systems, leading to simultaneous emotional feelings and physical reactions.
- For example, feeling happy can result in smiling.
James-Lange Theory
- Suggests that emotional stimuli evoke physical responses first, then emotions are felt based on those responses.
- Example: Smiling can induce feelings of happiness.
Emotional Responses vs. Feelings
- Recent research indicates that emotional responses can occur without accompanying feelings.
- Supports the idea that physical responses are essential for experiencing emotions.
Broca's Contribution
- Identified and named the limbic lobe, contributing to our understanding of emotional processing.
Papez Circuit
- A loop comprising the hypothalamus (mammillary body), anterior thalamic nuclei, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampal formation connected via the fornix.
- This circuit connects key brain areas involved in emotional expression and memory.
Papez Circuit with Theories
- Does not solely support either the James-Lange or Cannon-Bard theories, suggesting a more complex interplay in emotional processing.
MacLean's Limbic System Concept
- Integrates the Papez loop with connections to the neocortex, cingulate gyrus, hippocampal formation, and hypothalamus.
- Links the hippocampus and hypothalamus through the amygdala, creating a broader understanding of emotional processing systems.
Modern Limbic System Understanding
- The limbic system is now viewed as an interconnected system that relays information from various areas to the hypothalamus for autonomic and endocrine responses.
Frontal Lobe and Emotion
- Phineas Gage’s accident revealed the frontal lobe's involvement in regulating emotions, demonstrating the brain's role in mood and behavior.
Effects of Frontal Lobotomies
- While these procedures sometimes alleviated severe symptoms, they also led to emotional flatness, inappropriate behaviors, and concentration difficulties.
Klüver-Bucy Experiments
- Bilateral removal of the temporal lobe’s anterior section, including the amygdala, resulted in emotional flattening and inappropriate behaviors in monkeys.
- Highlights the amygdala's role in processing emotions and behaviors.
Amygdala and Fear Responses
- Removal of the amygdala abolishes learned fear responses, indicating its critical function in fear processing.
Neural Circuit for Learned Fear
- An emotional stimulus triggers a quicker fear response through a different pathway: emotionally competent stimulus → thalamus → amygdala, bypassing the cortex.
Amygdala Activation in Fearful Faces
- Experiments show increased activity in the amygdala in response to fearful facial expressions, indicating its significant role in fear recognition.
Hippocampus and Stress Response Regulation
- The hippocampus inhibits the hypothalamus's release of stress hormones (CRH), helping to manage the body’s stress response through learned experiences.
Abnormalities in Stress Responses
- An increase in amygdala activity or decrease in hippocampal activity can lead to heightened stress responses.
Tumors and Emotional Behavior
- Temporal lobe tumors affecting the amygdala can provoke hostile or aggressive behavior, spontaneous anger, or deep sadness, while hypothalamic tumors may cause similar emotional disturbances.
Hallucinations in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
- This condition can lead to olfactory or gustatory hallucinations, illustrating the complex effects of temporal lobe dysfunction on perception and emotion.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key theories of emotion with these flashcards! Learn about the Cannon-Bard theory and the James-Lange theory, and how they explain the relationship between emotional stimuli and responses. Perfect for psychology students and enthusiasts.
