Psychology DSM Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What significant change occurred in the DSM-I which was relevant to homosexuality?

  • Ego-dystonic homosexuality was included as a diagnosis.
  • Homosexuality was renamed in the diagnostic criteria.
  • Homosexuality was classified as a disorder.
  • Ego-dystonic homosexuality was removed as a diagnosis. (correct)

Which DSM edition was released in 2013?

  • DSM-II
  • DSM-5 (correct)
  • DSM-III
  • DSM-IV

Who chaired the committee responsible for the establishment of disorder categories in the DSM-II?

  • Spitzer (correct)
  • Dilip Jeste
  • Ronald Baver
  • Adele Simmons

What was a controversial diagnosis considered but ultimately discarded during the revision process?

<p>Masochistic personality disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which DSM edition introduced innovations such as reorganization of diagnostic criteria?

<p>DSM-III (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach dominated psychotherapy in the mid-1900s?

<p>Psychodynamic Approach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major organizational changes made in the DSM-IV?

<p>Addition of feeding disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does DSM stand for in relation to mental health diagnosis?

<p>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Ronald Baver play in the context of the DSM revisions?

<p>He was a psychiatrist advocating for gay rights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the DSM?

<p>It contains descriptions and symptoms for diagnosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders was considered during the revisions but ultimately discarded in the DSM-II?

<p>Masochistic personality disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy approach has recently become the most widely endorsed?

<p>Cognitive Therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant issue for the field of psychotherapy in the 1990s and 2000s?

<p>Prescriptive privileges for clinicians (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Boulder conference in 1949 primarily focus on?

<p>Developing clinical psychology as a profession (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to the growth of psychotherapy since the mid-1900s?

<p>Increase in the number of clinical psychologists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contemporary issue in psychotherapy?

<p>Increasing respect for psychodynamic methods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose of the assessment interview in clinical psychology?

<p>To elicit data, information, beliefs, or attitudes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skill significantly enhances the effectiveness of an interview?

<p>Training and supervised experience in interviewing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a characteristic of interviews conducted by clinical psychologists?

<p>The process requires adaptation to various factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can negatively impact the productivity of an interview?

<p>Interruptions and lack of privacy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome when a skilled clinician conducts an interview?

<p>Enhanced understanding and prediction is likely (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is experience important for interviewers in clinical psychology?

<p>It influences the effectiveness of different interviewing techniques (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of patients may present a challenge during interviewing?

<p>Mute or uncommunicative patients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about interviewing is correct?

<p>The effectiveness of interviews can vary based on the interviewer and their skills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What degree does Clinical Psychology primarily yield?

<p>PsyD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic describes the acceptance rates of PsyD programs compared to PhD programs?

<p>Higher acceptance rates for PsyD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What model emphasizes the preparation of practitioners rather than researchers?

<p>Vail model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which notable manifesto sparked the emergence of Clinical Psychology as a practice-focused field?

<p>Manifesto for a Science of Clinical Psychology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which institution is an example of the Clinical scientist model?

<p>Indiana University (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology is NOT mentioned as part of emerging trends in Clinical Psychology training?

<p>Artificial Intelligence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized more in PsyD programs compared to PhD programs?

<p>Practical experience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the class sizes in PsyD programs?

<p>They are larger than PhD programs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is primarily trained in PhD programs in Clinical Psychology?

<p>Researchers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of PhD programs in Clinical Psychology?

<p>Greater funding opportunities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one criticism of traditional assessment practices mentioned in the content?

<p>They often rely on poorly validated measures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which decades was there a noted decline in interest in psychological assessment?

<p>1960s and 1970s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does psychological assessment aim to provide in relation to psychiatric diagnoses?

<p>A systematic evaluation of mental disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the content suggest about the DSM's role in clinical psychology?

<p>It serves as the principal authority for psychiatric diagnoses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant aspect of psychological assessment highlighted in the content?

<p>Its historical commitment to rigorous assessment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may contribute to the perception that clinical psychology is less focused on assessment?

<p>An increase in psychotropic medication availability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the challenges facing psychological assessment today?

<p>Limited treatment utility evidence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the assessment approach criticized for being too generic?

<p>One-test-fits-all approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who first introduced the term 'Clinical Psychology' and in what year?

<p>Lightner Witmer, 1907 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model of training in Clinical Psychology emphasizes both practice and research?

<p>Scientist-practitioner model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common requirement for most doctoral programs in Clinical Psychology?

<p>Predoctoral internship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specialty track in Clinical Psychology focuses on legal aspects?

<p>Forensic psychology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the APA Division 12 definition of Clinical Psychology emphasize?

<p>Integration of science, theory, and practice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which city was the Scientist-practitioner model created?

<p>Vail, Colorado (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT commonly included in the training programs for Clinical Psychology?

<p>Coursework in sociology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following models was created at a conference in 1973?

<p>Practitioner-scholar model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of psychology does clinical psychology primarily focus on?

<p>Psychological assessment and treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary goals of Clinical Psychology as defined by the APA?

<p>To alleviate maladjustment and promote human development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Clinical Psychology

Focuses on the intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, and social aspects of human behavior. Emphasizes practice over research.

PsyD

A doctorate degree focusing on practical application and clinical skills.

PhD

A doctorate degree focusing on research and theoretical knowledge.

Clinical Scientist Model

A movement in clinical psychology that emphasizes the scientific basis of practice and research.

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Vail Model

A movement in clinical psychology that emphasizes practice and professional skills.

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Technology's Role in Training

Employs technology in clinical psychology training and practice.

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Competencies

A set of skills a clinical psychologist should possess.

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Science of Clinical Psychology Movement

A movement that emerged in the 1990s as a response to the emphasis on practice over research.

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Chicago School of Professional Psychology

A professional school focused on training outstanding practitioners.

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Indiana University's Clinical Training Program

A clinical training program that emphasizes training first-rate clinical scientists.

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Clinical Psychology Definition

The field of clinical psychology combines scientific knowledge, theoretical models, and practical applications to understand, predict, and alleviate psychological problems. It also aims to promote human adaptation, adjustment, and personal development.

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Scientist-Practitioner Model

The scientist-practitioner model, also known as the Boulder model, emphasizes both research and clinical practice. This model aims to produce graduates who are skilled in both delivering clinical services and conducting research.

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Practitioner-Scholar Model

The practitioner-scholar model, also known as the Vail model, places greater emphasis on clinical practice than research. This model prepares graduates to be primarily therapists and clinicians, with a focus on practical skills and real-world applications.

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Predoctoral Internship

The predoctoral internship is a year-long, full-time experience in a clinical setting that is required for all clinical psychology doctoral students. This internship provides hands-on training in clinical assessment, intervention, and supervision.

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Dissertation

Clinical psychology doctoral programs typically require students to complete a dissertation, which is a long, original research project.

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Child Clinical Psychology

Child clinical psychology focuses on the assessment, treatment, and prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents.

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Health Psychology

Health psychology explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical health. Professionals in this specialty may work with patients to manage chronic illnesses, promote healthy behaviors, and cope with medical procedures.

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Forensic Psychology

Forensic psychology applies psychological principles to legal contexts. Professionals in this specialty may assess individuals involved in legal cases, provide expert testimony, and conduct psychological evaluations for legal purposes.

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Family Psychology

Family psychology focuses on understanding and treating family dynamics and relationships. Therapists in this specialty may work with families to improve communication, resolve conflict, and promote overall family well-being.

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DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)

A widely used diagnostic manual for mental health disorders, providing descriptions, symptoms, and criteria for diagnosis.

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Cognitive Therapy

An approach to psychotherapy that focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns.

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Humanism

This approach emphasizes the importance of the individual's unique experiences and personal growth.

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Behaviorism

An approach to psychotherapy that focuses on modifying behavior by using principles of learning.

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Family Therapy

A psychotherapy approach that views individuals within the context of their families and relationships.

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Psychodynamic Approach

This approach to psychotherapy emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior.

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Growth of the Psychology Field

The expansion of the field of psychology, including more training programs and clinicians.

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Boulder Conference (1949)

A pivotal conference in 1949 that established a foundation for the practice of clinical psychology.

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Psychological Assessment

The use of psychological tests and assessments to evaluate a person's mental and emotional functioning typically during clinical practice.

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Decline in Interest in Psychological Assessment

A period in the 1960s and 1970s where clinical psychology's focus on assessment declined due to factors like limited test validation and lack of treatment utility.

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One-Test-Fits-All Approach

An approach to psychological assessment that involves using a general test for everyone, regardless of individual needs.

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Poorly Validated Measures and Unreliable Test Interpretation

The use of tests that lack scientific evidence and reliability, resulting in inaccurate interpretations.

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Limited Evidence for Treatment Utility

The use of tests that have not been shown to be useful in treatment planning or outcomes.

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Ego-dystonic Homosexuality

A controversial diagnosis in the DSM-II that classified homosexuality as a mental disorder.

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Ronald Baver

A psychiatrist and gay rights activist who led protests against the APA's classification of homosexuality as a mental disorder.

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DSM-II (1968)

The 1968 edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) that classified homosexuality as a mental illness.

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Consensus Meetings

The process by which the DSM-II categories of disorders were established through a meeting of experts.

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DSM Revisions

The process of revising and updating the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).

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DSM-IV (1994)

The 1994 edition of the DSM that introduced new categories of disorders, including Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders.

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DSM-5 (2013)

The 2013 edition of the DSM that introduced changes to existing diagnoses and added new categories, including Gender Dysphoria.

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Dr. Dilip Jeste

The President of the American Psychiatric Association who released the DSM-5 in 2013.

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Assessment Interview

A structured conversation between a clinician and a client, used to gather information, assess problems, and plan interventions.

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Interviewer Skills

The ability to build rapport, establish trust, and communicate effectively with clients.

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Interviewing Techniques

The practice of using questions to elicit information, beliefs, and attitudes from clients.

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Factors Affecting Interviewing Success

Factors that influence the effectiveness of interviewing, including experience, training, and the interviewer's individual style.

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Adaptability in Interviewing

The ability to adapt interviewing techniques to the specific needs and characteristics of each client.

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Interviewer's Focus

The interviewer's commitment to using the interview for the primary purpose of gathering information, not personal gain.

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Privacy in Interviews

Maintaining confidentiality and a secure environment for the interview.

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Training and Supervision for Interviewers

The importance of training and supervision in developing effective interviewing techniques.

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Study Notes

Clinical Psychology: Definition and Training

  • Clinical psychology first used in 1907 by Lightner Witmer
  • Initially similar to medicine, education, and sociology
  • More recent definitions emphasize the study, assessment, and treatment of psychological problems
  • APA Division 12 defines clinical psychology as integrating science, theory, and practice to understand, predict, and alleviate maladjustment, disability, and discomfort, and promote human adaptation, adjustment, and personal development. This encompasses the intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social, and behavioural aspects of human functioning.
  • Training programs commonly require a doctoral degree, with most starting with a bachelor's, and some with a master's.
  • Required coursework elements include a thesis or dissertation, and a predoctoral internship.
  • Specialization areas in recent decades include child psychology, health psychology, forensic psychology, family psychology, and neuropsychology.

Three Models of Training

  • Boulder model (scientist-practitioner): Emphasizes both practice and research. Graduates should be competent in both therapy/assessment and research.
  • Vail model (practitioner-scholar): Emphasizes clinical practice over research.
  • Clinical scientist model: Focuses on research over practice.

Balancing Practice and Science

  • The scientist-practitioner model was established in Boulder, Colorado, 1949.
  • Training programs stress the importance of both practical application of psychology and research skills.
  • Clinicians should be competent in research and practice.

Practitioner-Scholar Model

  • Created in 1973 at a conference in Vail, Colorado
  • Focuses on the practical aspects of clinical psychology, rather than scientific research.

Clinical Scientist Model

  • Emerged in the 1990s as a reaction to the practitioner-focused models.
  • Emphasizes more empirical research and scientific methodology in training.
  • Increased use of technology, including webcams for supervision, computer-based assessments, and competency-based skills evaluations.
  • Development of outcome-based competencies.
  • Grad programs emphasizing practical applications, rather than research.

PhD vs PsyD

  • PhD programs emphasize practice and research; typically smaller class size, and lower acceptance rates, often within university departments, providing more funding opportunities, and higher success rate in APA accredited internships.
  • PsyD programs emphasize practice over research, have generally larger classes and higher acceptance rates; usually at freestanding professional schools and with less funding available and lower success rates in APA accredited internships.

Work Settings for Clinical Psychologists

  • Private practice
  • Universities
  • Psychiatric hospitals
  • Community mental health centers

Clinical Psychologist vs. Other Professionals

  • Clinical psychologists vs Counseling psychologists
  • Clinical psychologists vs. Social Workers
  • Clinical psychologists vs. School Psychologists
  • Clinical psychologists vs. Psychiatrists

Evolution of Assessment and Diagnosis

  • DSM-I, DSM-II, DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, DSM-IV-TR, DSM-5, DSM-5-TR.
  • Significant revisions in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), increasing number of disorders and categories, multi-axial system to single-axis system, and including greater diagnostic specificity.

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Clinical Psychology Past Paper PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the major changes in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) editions. This quiz covers significant revisions, controversial diagnoses, and the evolution of psychotherapy approaches. Perfect for psychology students and professionals alike!

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