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Questions and Answers
What does Axis I assess?
What does Axis I assess?
- General medical conditions
- Personality disorders
- Psychosocial/environmental problems
- Clinical syndromes that may be the focus of clinical attention (correct)
Which of the following disorders falls under Axis II?
Which of the following disorders falls under Axis II?
- Histrionic personality disorder (correct)
- Major mood disorder
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Substance-use disorder
What are some examples of Axis III conditions?
What are some examples of Axis III conditions?
Cirrhosis, overdose, cocaine use
What type of problems does Axis IV address?
What type of problems does Axis IV address?
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What is the purpose of Axis V?
What is the purpose of Axis V?
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Name one disorder that is categorized under Axis I.
Name one disorder that is categorized under Axis I.
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Disorders of relatively short duration (under 6 months) are described as ______.
Disorders of relatively short duration (under 6 months) are described as ______.
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Long-standing or permanent disorders are described as ______.
Long-standing or permanent disorders are described as ______.
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Unstable disorder patterns that come and go are known as ______.
Unstable disorder patterns that come and go are known as ______.
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Match the personality testing approaches with their descriptions:
Match the personality testing approaches with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
DSM-IV-TR Axes Overview
- Five axes used to provide a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment framework.
Axis I
- Assesses current clinical status, including clinical syndromes like schizophrenia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and substance dependence.
- Multiple diagnoses permitted and encouraged, reflecting complex health challenges.
Axis II
- Focuses on personality disorders and mental retardation, related to longstanding personality traits.
- Includes disorders such as histrionic, paranoid, and antisocial personality disorders.
- More than one diagnosis is permissible to capture the complexity of an individual's condition.
Axis III
- Provides information on general medical conditions relevant to the individual’s mental health, e.g., cirrhosis, overdose, or cocaine use.
- Like other axes, allows for multiple diagnoses to better understand overall patient health.
Axis IV
- Examines psychosocial and environmental stressors that may contribute to the disorder.
- Checklist approach categorizes problems—family, economic, occupational, legal—such as issues with primary support groups.
- Focuses on stressors experienced within the past year.
Axis V
- Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale measures how well an individual copes at the present time, ranging from 1 to 100.
- Describes symptom severity:
- 60-70 indicates mild symptoms (mild insomnia, social difficulties).
- 50-60 indicates moderate symptoms (occasional panic attacks).
- 40-50 indicates serious symptoms (suicidal ideation).
- 30-40 shows impaired reality testing (illogical speech).
- 20-30 suggests significant influence of delusions/hallucinations.
- 10-20 indicates danger to self or others and poor hygiene.
- 1-10 reflects severe danger and inability to function.
Axis I Disorders Examples
- Includes a variety of conditions: substance-use disorders, Alzheimer's dementia, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, psychosexual/gender-identity disorders, major mood disorders, schizophrenia, ADHD, PTSD.
Axis II Disorders Examples
- Primarily consists of personality disorders and mental retardation, along with specific learning disabilities.
Acute Disorders
- Refers to conditions of relatively short duration, typically under six months.
Chronic Disorders
- Represents long-standing or permanent disorders such as Alzheimer's and certain types of schizophrenia.
Episodic/Recurrent Disorders
- Describes unstable patterns of disorders that fluctuate, such as bipolar disorder.
Personality Testing Approaches
- Projective Tests: Include tools like Rorschach or Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), where subjects project their meanings onto unstructured stimuli.
- Objective Tests: Utilize standardized personality inventories such as the MMPI-2 to assess personality traits quantitatively.
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