6 Psychology Disorders
58 Questions
6 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is one way to define abnormal behavior?

  • Behavior that is ideal
  • Behavior that is average
  • Behavior that causes personal distress (correct)
  • Behavior that is socially accepted

    • What is the main idea behind the diathesis-stress model?

  • A stressful circumstance can cause a mental disorder on its own
  • Environmental factors are the primary cause of mental disorders
  • A biological predisposition must combine with a stressful circumstance to manifest a mental disorder (correct)
  • A biological predisposition is the sole cause of mental disorders

    • What is the focus of the systems approach to psychological disorders?

  • The impact of psychological stresses on mental disorders
  • The importance of social pressures in mental disorders
  • The role of biological risks in mental disorders
  • How biological risks, psychological stresses, and social pressures combine to produce psychological disorders (correct)

    • What is NOT a way to define abnormal behavior?

    <p>Behavior that is ideal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of integrating various theoretical models in understanding psychological disorders?

    <p>To discover specific causes and treatments for different mental disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a biological predisposition to a mental disorder?

    <p>Diathesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of people diagnosed with Schizophrenia?

    <p>They often cannot work, manage a home or apartment successfully, or care for their basic needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symptoms can come and go in people with Schizophrenia?

    <p>Positive symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum duration of symptoms for a diagnosis of Schizophrenia?

    <p>Six months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of mood disorders?

    <p>Positive reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of cognitive factors contributing to mood disorders?

    <p>Response to learned helplessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a class of disorders characterized by severe distortion of reality?

    <p>Schizophrenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of the Diathesis-Stress Model and Systems Theory in the DSM-5?

    <p>It enables researchers to explore the causes of a problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of the DSM-5, as demonstrated by David Rosenhan's experiment?

    <p>It overlooks other diagnostic possibilities after an initial diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of anxiety disorders?

    <p>The occurrence of anxiety without an obvious external cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a phobic disorder and a panic disorder?

    <p>A phobic disorder involves intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

    <p>The presence of anxiety-provoking thoughts and/or urges to perform repetitive behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of somatic symptom disorders?

    <p>A combination of psychological and biological factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

    <p>The presence of two or more distinct personalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of major depressive disorder?

    <p>A depressed mood most of the day, particularly in the morning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of a formal diagnosis of a psychological disorder?

    <p>It provides access to necessary treatment and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary shortcoming of the DSM-5, as described by the Catch-22 phenomenon?

    <p>Individuals may need a formal diagnosis for treatment, but the label of a psychological disorder may stigmatize them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Thought Disorders in people with Schizophrenia?

    <p>Disorganized thinking and illogical connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Neologism?

    <p>A made-up word or phrase with no meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a Movement Disorder symptom in Schizophrenia?

    <p>Agitated body movements, such as repeating certain motions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Catatonic behavior?

    <p>Not moving or responding to others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Thought Blocking?

    <p>A sudden stop in speech in the middle of a thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia associated with?

    <p>Disruptions to normal emotions and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of flat affect in schizophrenia?

    <p>A person's face does not move or they talk in a dull voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive symptom of schizophrenia makes it hard to lead a normal life and earn a living?

    <p>Executive functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible biological cause of schizophrenia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>Lack of empathy for others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of borderline personality disorder?

    <p>Emotional volatility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) characterized by?

    <p>Inattention and impulsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>A severe developmental disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of paraphilic disorder?

    <p>Pedophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an eating disorder characterized by bingeing and purging?

    <p>Bulimia nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cognitive symptom of schizophrenia that affects daily life?

    <p>Difficulty paying attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the inability to experience pleasure in everyday life?

    <p>Anhedonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>Lack of guilt or anxiety about their wrongdoing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a set of inflexible, maladaptive behavior patterns that interfere with a person's ability to function in society?

    <p>Personality disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a class of disorders characterized by severe distortion of reality?

    <p>Psychotic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a severe developmental disability that impairs children's ability to communicate and relate to others?

    <p>Autism spectrum disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a disorder characterized by excessive and persistent worry about everyday things?

    <p>Generalized anxiety disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a disorder characterized by excessive eating, followed by purging or compensatory behaviors?

    <p>Bulimia nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the inability to focus or pay attention?

    <p>Distractibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a movement disorder symptom in schizophrenia?

    <p>Tardive dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the inability to begin and sustain planned activities?

    <p>Avolition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cognitive symptom that affects daily life in schizophrenia?

    <p>Poor executive functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of expressed emotion in families of people with schizophrenia?

    <p>High levels of criticism, hostility, and emotional intrusiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a person with antisocial personality disorder and a person with narcissistic personality disorder?

    <p>Exaggerated sense of self-importance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of neurocognitive disorders?

    <p>Cerebral damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of borderline personality disorder?

    <p>Emotional volatility and unstable relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cognitive symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Severe developmental disability that impairs children's ability to communicate and relate to others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of psychoactive substance-use disorder?

    <p>Addiction to a substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a person with schizophrenia and a person with antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>Flat affect and lack of pleasure in everyday life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of eating disorders?

    <p>Cultural and societal pressures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cognitive symptom of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

    <p>Trouble focusing or paying attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Defining Abnormality

    • Abnormal behavior is defined as behavior that causes people to experience distress and prevents them from functioning in their daily lives
    • Three ways to define abnormality: • Deviation from the average • Deviation from the ideal • Sense of personal discomfort • Inability to function effectively • Legal concept

    Perspectives on Psychological Disorders

    • The Diathesis-Stress Model suggests that a biological predisposition (diathesis) must combine with a stressful circumstance before a mental disorder is manifested
    • The Systems Approach (Biopsychosocial Model) examines how biological risks, psychological stresses, and social pressures combine to produce psychological disorders

    Mood Disorders

    • Major depressive disorder: severe form of depression that interferes with concentration, decision-making, and sociability
    • Symptoms: • Depressed mood most of the day, particularly in the morning • Loss of interest in normal activities and relationships • Fatigue or loss of energy almost every day • Feelings of worthlessness or guilt almost every day • Impaired concentration, indecisiveness • Insomnia or hypersomnia almost every day • Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in almost all activities nearly every day • Restlessness or feeling slowed down • Recurring thoughts of death or suicide • Significant weight loss or gain
    • Bipolar disorder: alternating periods of euphoric feelings of mania and periods of depression

    Anxiety Disorders

    • Occurrence of anxiety without an obvious external cause that affects daily functioning
    • Types: • Phobic disorder or specific phobia: intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations • Panic disorder: takes the form of panic attacks lasting from a few seconds to several hours • Generalized anxiety disorder: experience of long-term, persistent anxiety and worry (at least 6 months)
    • Causes: • Genetic factors • Overactive autonomic nervous system • Biological causes • Environmental factors • Learned response to stress

    Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

    • Characterized by obsessions or compulsions
    • Symptoms: • Persistent anxiety-provoking thoughts and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce a situation

    Somatic Symptom Disorders

    • Psychological difficulties that take on a physical (somatic) form, but for which there is no medical cause
    • Conversion disorder: actual physical disturbance, such as the inability to use a sensory organ, or the complete or partial inability to move limbs
    • Cause is purely psychological

    Dissociative Disorders

    • Psychological dysfunction characterized by the separation of different facets of a person’s personality that are normally integrated
    • Dissociative identity disorder (DID): Person displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities
    • Each personality has unique memories, behaviors, and relationships
    • Only one personality is dominant at a time

    DSM-V

    • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)
    • System devised by the American Psychiatric Association
    • Used by most professionals to diagnose and classify abnormal behavior
    • Benefits: • Provides a descriptive system • Allows communication between mental health professionals and theoretical approaches • Enables researchers to explore the causes of a problem • Provides a shorthand through which professionals can describe the behaviors that tend to occur together in an individual### Symptoms of Schizophrenia
    • Negative symptoms:
      • Flat affect (a person's face does not move or they talk in a dull or monotonous voice)
      • Lack of pleasure in everyday life
      • Lack of ability to begin and sustain planned activities
      • Speaking little, even when forced to interact
    • Cognitive symptoms:
      • Subtle and detected only when other tests are performed
      • Poor "executive functioning" (the ability to understand information and use it to make decisions)
      • Trouble focusing or paying attention
      • Problems with "working memory" (the ability to use information immediately after learning it)

    Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

    • Genetic factors
    • Biochemical imbalance
    • Dopamine hypothesis: some dopamine pathways are overactive in schizophrenia
    • Structural abnormalities:
      • Signs of cerebral damage
      • Decreased brain weight
      • Reduced numbers of neurons in the prefrontal cortex
      • Decrease in volume of the limbic regions
      • Abnormalities in the thalamus
      • Enlarged ventricles or spaces in the brain

    Schizophrenia: Situational Causes

    • Emotional and communication patterns of the families of people with schizophrenia
    • Expressed emotion: interaction style characterized by high levels of criticism, hostility, and emotional intrusiveness within a family

    Personality Disorders

    • Characterized by a set of inflexible, maladaptive behavior patterns that keep a person from functioning appropriately in society
    • Antisocial personality disorder:
      • Lack of regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or the rights of others
      • Impulsive
      • Lack of guilt or anxiety about their wrongdoing
      • Manipulative
      • Deceptive
    • Borderline personality disorder:
      • Problems regulating emotions and thoughts
      • Displaying impulsive and reckless behavior
      • Having unstable relationships with others
      • Difficulty developing a secure sense of who they are
    • Narcissistic personality disorder:
      • Exaggerated sense of self-importance
      • Expect special treatment from others
      • Inability to experience empathy for others

    Childhood Disorders

    • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD):
      • Marked by inattention, impulsiveness, low tolerance for frustration, and a great deal of inappropriate activity
      • Believed to be produced by dysfunctions of the nervous system
    • Autism spectrum disorder:
      • Severe developmental disability that impairs children's ability to communicate and relate to others

    Other Disorders

    • Psychoactive substance-use disorder
    • Alcohol use disorders
    • Eating disorders:
      • Anorexia nervosa
      • Bulimia
      • Binge-eating disorder
    • Sexual disorders:
      • Sexual desire disorders
      • Sexual arousal disorders
      • Paraphilic disorders
    • Neurocognitive disorders

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    GenPsy L13 Disorders (Small) PDF

    Description

    Explore the concept of abnormality in psychology, including deviation from the average, ideal, and personal discomfort. Learn about the Diathesis-Stress Model and Systems Theory, and understand how they relate to psychological disorders.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser