Psychology Developmental Stages
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Questions and Answers

At what stage do children begin to understand logical reasoning?

  • Intimacy vs. Isolation Stage
  • Genital Stage
  • Formal Operational Stage
  • Concrete Operational Stage (correct)

    • In the Genital Stage, adolescents are primarily confused about their sexual identity.

    True

    What do children start to do in the Formal Operational Stage?

    Think abstractly

    The _____ Stage involves the challenge of forming close relationships and coping with isolation.

    <p>Intimacy vs. Isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern for individuals in the Generativity vs. Stagnation Stage?

    <p>Contributing to the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'schemas' in the context of cognitive development?

    <p>Cognitive framework or concept for organizing information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stages with their descriptions:

    <p>Concrete Operational Stage = Children understand logical reasoning Genital Stage = Awareness of sexual identity Intimacy vs. Isolation = Challenge of forming close relationships Generativity vs. Stagnation = Sense of contributing to society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Older adults typically exhibit a strong desire to contribute and care for others, indicating the Generativity Stage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept refers to the difference between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance?

    <p>Zone of Proximal Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the mind contains repressed ideas and primitive desires?

    <p>Unconscious mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary circular reactions involve unintentionally repeating actions to trigger a response.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Freudian slip is an intentional error made in speech.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for the Bobo doll experiment?

    <p>Albert Bandura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the psychological term for the ability of toddlers to control their actions during toilet training?

    <p>Autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In behaviorism, the subject learns behavior by associating it with __________.

    <p>consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dreams are expressions of the ______ mind.

    <p>unconscious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following developmental stages with their corresponding psychosocial challenges:

    <p>Infancy = Mistrust vs. Trust Early Childhood = Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt Play Age = Initiative vs. Guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following theorists with their associated concepts:

    <p>John Broadus Watson = Behaviorism Lev Vygotsky = Scaffolding Jean Piaget = Cognitive Development Burrhus Frederic Skinner = Operant Conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological challenge do preschoolers face according to the development stages?

    <p>Initiative vs. Guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that language plays a central role in mental development?

    <p>Sociocultural Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The conscious mind represents the entire iceberg of mental states.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tertiary circular reactions involve trial and error experimentation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does operant conditioning involve?

    <p>Reinforcement and punishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the error in speech that reveals a person's hidden desires?

    <p>Freudian slip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is associated with the idea of modifying behavior through consequences?

    <p>Operant Conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    John B. Watson is primarily known for his work on Classical Conditioning.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory did Urie Bronfenbrenner develop?

    <p>Ecological Systems Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The type of learning where an individual avoids a negative outcome is called ________ learning.

    <p>avoidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following theorists with their contributions:

    <p>Ivan Pavlov = Classical Conditioning Urie Bronfenbrenner = Ecological Systems Theory John B. Watson = Behaviorism Konrad Lorenz = Ethology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Chronosystem in Bronfenbrenner's theory represent?

    <p>Changes over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Escape learning involves responding to a stimulus in order to eliminate an unpleasant experience.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Ethology, as promoted by Konrad Lorenz?

    <p>Animal behavior and instinctual patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does imprinting suggest about attachment?

    <p>It is innate and programmed genetically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Imprinting can be reversed after it has occurred.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the microsystem?

    <p>The everyday environment of home, work, school, and neighborhoods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ consists of interactions between a microsystem and an outside system or institution.

    <p>exosystem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the sensitive period?

    <p>It starts and ends gradually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Microsystem = Everyday environment including home and school Mesosystem = Interlocking influence of microsystems Exosystem = Connections between a microsystem and external influences Critical Period = A period of heightened sensitivity that occurs abruptly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The organism has less sensitivity to external stimuli after the sensitive or critical period.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to skill acquisition after the critical period?

    <p>Skills can still be learned, but less efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychosexual Development Stages

    • Latency Stage (ages 7-11): Child develops socially, with sexual urges quiet.
    • Genital Stage (ages 11-adult): Adolescent matures in dealing with the opposite sex, fostering intimacy.

    Erikson's Psychosocial Development

    • Intimacy vs. Isolation: Young adults face challenges in forming close relationships, risking social isolation.
    • Generativity vs. Stagnation (Adulthood): Middle-aged individuals seek to contribute meaningfully, often through family.

    Cognitive Development Stages (Piaget)

    • Concrete Operational Stage (ages 7-11): Children develop logical reasoning and understand intimacy; may feel socially isolated.
    • Formal Operational Stage (ages 12-adult): Abstract thinking emerges, with the ability to formulate hypothetical concepts.

    Theories of Learning

    • Behaviors shaped by culture and language, highlighting social interaction's role in developing cognitive abilities.
    • Behaviorism (Watson): Focus on observable actions; established through experiments like "Little Albert."
    • Classical Conditioning (Pavlov): Learning through the association of stimuli.
    • Operant Conditioning (Skinner): Behaviors reinforced by positive outcomes are likely to recur.

    Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory

    • Zone of Proximal Development: The gap between what a learner can do independently versus with guidance.
    • Scaffolding: An approach to support learners, enhancing their ability to tackle challenges with help.

    Bandura's Social Learning Theory

    • Highlights the role of observation in learning; mental states are crucial for understanding and imitation.

    Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory

    • Emphasizes interconnected environmental systems that influence individual development, such as family, school, and broader societal contexts.
    • Chronosystem: Reflects changes over time, including family dynamics and societal events.

    Ethological Perspectives

    • Konrad Lorenz: Introduced imprinting, suggesting that attachment behaviors are instinctive and irreversible.
    • Critical Periods: Key phases during which specific skills and behaviors must be learned to develop effectively.

    Cognitive Structures (Schemas)

    • Schemas are cognitive frameworks for organizing and interpreting information, crucial for understanding the world.

    Key Concepts

    • Freudian Slip: Errors revealing unconscious thoughts.
    • Secondary and Tertiary Circular Reactions: Stages of child development marked by intentional actions and experimentation.
    • Sensitive Period: Times of heightened receptivity to learning a particular skill, less effective after this period.

    Summary of Key Figures

    • John B. Watson: Behaviorism pioneer, emphasized learned behaviors.
    • Albert Bandura: Social Learning Theory, demonstrated learning through observation.
    • Burrhus Skinner: Focused on reinforcement and behavior modification through operant conditioning.
    • Urie Bronfenbrenner: Developed a systems theory to understand ecological models of human development.

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    Description

    Explore the key concepts of Freud's developmental stages, including the Latency and Genital stages. This quiz will test your knowledge on the psychological development during childhood and adolescence, examining identity formation and the impact of sexual urges.

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