Psychology Definitions and Concepts

<p>Primary cortex handles basic sensory and motor functions while association cortex integrates and interprets that information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phenomenon of perception without sensory input.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can lead to common cognitive biases and inaccuracies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folk psychology relies on casual observations, while scientific approaches demand rigorous testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A study that aims to confirm the findings of previous research through repeated testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It embodies multiple perspectives that integrate findings from various subfields of psychology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bias to only seek information that supports one's preexisting beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can create implicit cues that shape our responses unconsciously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance transparency and accessibility of research practices and findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aims to provide a detailed account of behaviors and attitudes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correlation, temporal precedence, and the elimination of alternative explanations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a baseline for comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The applicability of findings beyond the study context</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A variable that comes between an independent and a dependent variable in a causal chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate the ethical implications of research proposals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An external variable that affects both the independent and dependent variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents any form of bias from both participants and researchers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An allele that masks the effects of a recessive allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The activation of a gene to produce RNA and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate the transmission of signals across the synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artificial selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An automatic response that does not require brain activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left hemisphere processes information from the right side of the body and vice versa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broca's area is involved in the formulation of speech, while Wernicke's area is crucial for understanding language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neural plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific time frame during which certain experiences must occur for normal development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They show that each hemisphere specializes in handling different cognitive tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folk psychology is based on anecdotal evidence, while scientific psychology relies on empirical research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Misattribution of arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They ensure that findings are not due to random chance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of how people perceive and think about others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To combine and analyze data from multiple studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing transparency and accessibility of scientific research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A way to define theoretical concepts in concrete terms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To clarify the relationships between variables in a study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The independent variable is manipulated and the dependent variable is measured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group that does not receive the treatment and serves as a benchmark.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experiments can manipulate variables and control extraneous factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protects against selection biases in assigning participants to different groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both the participants and the experimenters do not know who is in the experimental group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To quantify the degree to which genetics contribute to individual differences in traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The placebo effect indicates that participants may experience real changes based on their expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reversible modifications that affect gene expression without altering DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extent to which findings can be applied to real-world settings outside of the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic variants associated with particular traits or diseases across the genome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It combines predispositional vulnerability and environmental stress to explain behavior and disorder onset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that can be tested, while a theory is a well-substantiated explanation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To promote transparency and accessibility in scientific research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phenomenon where individuals confuse their physiological arousal with emotional states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can drive behavior without conscious awareness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measured variables are observational, while manipulated variables are experimental.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A consistent interpretation of evidence that aligns with existing beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To confirm or refute previous research findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Case study</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specialization of certain functions in one hemisphere over the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sensation of pain originating from a non-existent limb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broca’s area is associated with the motor functions of speech, while Wernicke’s area pertains to the comprehension of language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They identify times when the brain is most flexible to new learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The distinct roles of the left and right hemispheres in processing different types of information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures that results can be replicated across different studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A variable that explains the relationship between two other variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree to which a study accurately tests its hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They differentiate between fast, intuitive judgments and slower, deliberate reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That psychological factors can have a real impact on physical health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help assess the impact of the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype includes both genetic and environmental influences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify genetic variants associated with specific diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To explore the heritability of traits and disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The loss of participants from different groups at different rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase the likelihood of a neuron firing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As the proportion of variance in a trait accounted for by genetic factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influences of environmental factors on gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mapping of body parts in a specific spatial configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary cortex processes basic sensory information while association cortex integrates complex information</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process by which the brain's neural connections change based on learning and experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each hemisphere regulates the opposite side of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their behaviors reveal the specific roles that each hemisphere plays in cognitive tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Misinterpreting emotions based on environmental cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participants may provide socially desirable responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folk psychology is based on collected personal experiences and beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meta-analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of how people think about themselves and others in social contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a detailed, qualitative analysis of an individual or group</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms one's pre-existing beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to eliminate selection bias by evenly distributing confounding variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as a baseline for comparison against the experimental group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The associations between specific genetic variants and traits or diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The expectations of participants regarding treatment outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both participants and researchers are unaware of group assignments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It measures how well the study design controls for confounding variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mediator variable provides a pathway for the effect, while a moderator affects the direction or strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree of genetic variation in a population that contributes to differences in a trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to unequal dropout rates among different groups in a study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in gene expression caused by environmental factors without altering the DNA sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A trait that enhances reproductive success and thus becomes more common in the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental factors can enhance or inhibit the expression of genetic traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The practical importance or magnitude of the relationship between variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By investigating specific genes thought to influence traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each hemisphere of the brain receives input from the opposite side of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is responsible for speech production and language processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the corpus callosum, which is a band of neural fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that certain cognitive processes are more dominant in one hemisphere than the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folk psychology lacks empirical evidence and scientific rigor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It encourages individuals to reject new evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measured variables are observed and recorded, while manipulated variables are changed by the researcher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study undergoes evaluation by experts in the field to ensure quality and credibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They assess concepts that are difficult to measure directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To gather detailed information about a single subject or small group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The misinterpretation of the source of physiological arousal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase transparency and accessibility of research methods and findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A variable that is influenced by the independent variable and influences the dependent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a baseline for comparison with the experimental group</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create equal groups that control for participant characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An improvement in symptoms due to expectation rather than treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect the rights and welfare of research participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal validity focuses on whether the results are due to the manipulation of the independent variable, while external validity assesses the generalizability of the findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alterations in gene expression caused by environmental factors, without changing the DNA sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify genetic variations associated with specific traits or diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It posits that mental disorders result from the interaction of predisposition and environmental stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can create bias if certain types of participants drop out at different rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It measures how much of a trait is attributable to genetics in a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The alteration of a gene to create a variant with no expressed function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The view that mental states have evolved to serve specific purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incorrectly identifying the source of emotional feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To verify that the results of a previous study can be consistently achieved</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By advocating for transparency and accessibility of research data</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It integrates knowledge from various subfields to form a comprehensive understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inclination to disregard evidence that supports preconceived notions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The way in which individuals perceive, think about, and interact with others</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combining data from multiple studies to draw broader conclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide specific criteria for measuring variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specialization of certain functions in one hemisphere, such as language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing speech and language articulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reveal that each hemisphere can perform functions independently of the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a baseline for comparison with the experimental group</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to establish a cause-and-effect relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dominant allele expresses its trait regardless of the allele it is paired with</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to generalize findings to other settings or populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure ethical standards in research involving human participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A participant reporting symptom relief after receiving a sugar pill</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To examine the entire genome's impact on certain traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The consistency of the test results over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neither participants nor researchers know the group assignments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moderator variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The examination of genetic influences on behavior traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As an uncontrolled variable that could affect the outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers