Psychology Defense Mechanisms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the defense mechanism that involves forgetting a traumatic event?

  • Displacement
  • Repression (correct)
  • Regression
  • Sublimation

Which defense mechanism involves attributing one's own thoughts to others?

  • Sublimation
  • Projection (correct)
  • Regression
  • Rationalization

What mechanism involves transferring emotions from one person or situation to another?

  • Sublimation
  • Rationalization
  • Repression
  • Displacement (correct)

Which defense mechanism is characterized by replacing unacceptable impulses with acceptable behaviors?

<p>Sublimation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defense mechanism involves justifying behaviors with logical reasons?

<p>Rationalization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with Constitutional theories in the notes?

<p>Biology and genetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory is mentioned as an example under Constitutional theories?

<p>Sheldon's theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the speech bubble on Thursday 8 imply about societal beliefs?

<p>What society says is correct is unquestionable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with the nitualist mentioned on Friday 9?

<p>Highly innovative and creative. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary emotion depicted by the caricature on Saturday 10?

<p>Sadness or disappointment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What uncertainty is expressed in the speech bubble for Sunday 11?

<p>Doubting the correctness of future actions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is highlighted by the phrase 'el que crea lo suyo; el revolucionario'?

<p>Innovation and personal creation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does deviant conduct refer to?

<p>Behavior rejected by a significant portion of society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes formal social sanctions?

<p>Institutionalized penalties like fines or imprisonment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Durkheim's perspective, deviance serves to highlight what?

<p>Social values and beliefs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Robert Merton's Strain Theory primarily address?

<p>The relationship between societal goals and means of achieving them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Control Theory, as proposed by Travis Hirschi, emphasizes what main concept?

<p>The importance of social norms and commitment to them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes primary deviance from secondary deviance?

<p>Primary deviance occurs before societal labeling, while secondary deviance happens after an individual is labeled. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT typically considered a part of personality in psychology?

<p>Physical appearance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following thinkers is credited with founding scientific psychology?

<p>Wilhelm Wundt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the theory that explains deviance through socialization and interaction?

<p>Differential association (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a stage in the development of psychology?

<p>Post-modern stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does historical deviance illustrate changes in societal norms?

<p>It reveals that once accepted norms can become deviant. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary aspect of cultural deviance?

<p>Behavior considered normal in one culture may be deviant in another. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes labeling theory?

<p>It examines how labels can influence individual behavior and societal perception. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contribution did Edwin Lemert make to labeling theory?

<p>He highlighted the role of secondary deviance in behavior change. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two forms of social control mentioned in the journal?

<p>Positive and negative reinforcement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept does Aristotle associate with the development of virtue?

<p>Practicing just actions in the community (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Descartes, what influences behavior during stressful situations like an exam?

<p>Mind-body interaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher emphasizes self-interest as a primary motivation for behavior?

<p>Hobbes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Hobbes' view on motivated behavior differ from Aristotle's?

<p>Hobbes focuses on self-interest rather than habitual actions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a method a person might use to cope with the fear of an exam according to Descartes' framework?

<p>Rationalizing their anxiety and preparing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of extinction in behavioral psychology?

<p>Behaviors not reinforced are less likely to be repeated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the intended result of punishment in behavioral modification?

<p>To eliminate behaviors with undesirable consequences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example of the rat in the box, what behavioral concept does it illustrate?

<p>Behavior extinction due to lack of reinforcement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Rousseau suggest is the primary influence on an individual's behavior?

<p>Society (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between reinforcement and behavior?

<p>Behaviors that are reinforced are more likely to be repeated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a negative consequence of excessive punishment in behavior management?

<p>Potential reinforcement of negative behaviors indirectly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Spencer, what factor contributes to behavioral change in individuals?

<p>Evolutionary adaptation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of a balanced personality according to Plato?

<p>Dominance of reason (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aristotle suggests that to maintain emotional balance, individuals should do what?

<p>Regulate emotions and desires with reason (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of behavior does Spencer associate with effective communication in society?

<p>Career success (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Descartes believe about emotions?

<p>Emotions are essential for survival but should be controlled by reason. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological principle did Skinner study?

<p>Operant Conditioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Spencer apply to human interactions?

<p>The principle of survival of the fittest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does operant conditioning primarily influence behavior?

<p>By strengthening responses that lead to rewards or escape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do external factors refer to in the context of human behavior?

<p>Cultural influences and environmental conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological theory is primarily focused on observable conduct?

<p>Conductismo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of personality does Sheldon's theory primarily relate to?

<p>Body type (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is explored under the 'I' theory in the notes?

<p>Self-identity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of psychoanalysis according to the notes?

<p>Unconscious processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of theories are related to biology and genetics in the notes?

<p>Constitutional theories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Repression

Forgetting a traumatic event unconsciously.

Regression

Returning to an earlier stage of development to cope with stress.

Displacement

Redirecting emotions to a different target.

Sublimation

Channeling unacceptable impulses into acceptable behaviors.

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Projection

Attributing one's own feelings to another person.

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Deviant Conduct

Actions that are disapproved of by most people in a society.

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Formal Socialization

Learning social rules & beliefs mostly through education.

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Social Control Mechanisms

Ways to keep people from breaking social rules.

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Strain Theory (Anomie)

A theory that explains why people may break social rules because they can't reach societal goals using permitted means.

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Control Theory

People follow rules due to their strong connection to important groups.

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Societal norms

What society expects or considers correct behavior.

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Nitualist

A person who isn't bound by societal norms; a nonconformist.

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Revolutionary

Someone who creates something new or challenges the status quo.

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Personal goals

Individual aspirations or objectives.

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Means and ends

The methods used to achieve a goal and the result itself.

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Historical Deviance

Deviations in behaviours considered as normal in the past but now viewed as deviant.

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Cultural Deviance

Behaviours considered deviant in one culture but normal in another.

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Social Control (Positive/Negative)

Ways society encourages or discourages acceptable behavior through rewards (positive) or punishments (negative).

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Labeling Theory (Stigma)

Behaviors are influenced by being labeled as deviant.

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Howard Becker (Labeling)

Labeling theory suggesting labeling shapes antisocial behavior.

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Constitutional Theories

These theories link personality traits to biological factors like genetics and body type.

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Sheldon's Theory

Proposes a connection between a person's body type and their personality traits.

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Conductismo

A psychological theory emphasizing observable behaviors and how they are learned through conditioning.

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Psychoanalysis (Freud)

This theory explores the unconscious mind, emphasizing the impact of early childhood experiences and inner conflicts on personality.

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The 'I' Theory

Examines how our sense of self-identity develops and is presented to the world.

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Deviance

Behavior that goes against social norms and expectations. It can be primary (initial act) or secondary (repeated behavior after societal labeling).

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Differential Association

Edwin Sutherland's theory that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others who engage in criminal activity.

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Psychology

The scientific study of the mind and behavior. It explores aspects like emotions, perceptions, intelligence, group dynamics, and personality.

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Personality

A pattern of consistent thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that characterize an individual. It forms the basis for how we perceive and interact with the world.

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Stages of Psychology

Psychology's development is divided into pre-scientific (philosophical) and scientific stages. The pre-scientific stage focused on philosophical ideas about the mind, while the scientific stage uses empirical methods.

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Extinction (Behavior)

When a behavior is no longer reinforced, it becomes less likely to happen again.

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Punishment

Something unpleasant happens after a behavior, making it less likely to occur again.

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Rat in a Box Experiment

A famous example of behavior extinction, where a rat stops pressing a lever for food when it no longer receives a reward.

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Reinforcement

Something that increases the likelihood of a behavior happening again.

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Behavior Modification

Using reinforcement and punishment to change behavior.

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Descartes' View

Descartes believed that emotions are crucial for survival, but reason should be the guiding force.

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Social Contract Theory

Hobbes believed that a strong social contract and government are essential for peace, as they control natural tendencies for chaos.

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Rousseau's Philosophy

Rousseau advocated for a cooperative society based on equality to preserve natural goodness.

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Survival of the Fittest in Humans

Spencer believed that the principle of survival of the fittest, where the strongest survive, also applies to human interactions.

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Classical Conditioning

A learning process where a previously neutral stimulus becomes associated with a response due to repeated pairing with another stimulus.

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Aristotle's View of Behavior

Behavior is shaped by habits and our pursuit of specific goals. We develop virtues by repeatedly performing actions aligned with them, such as showing kindness to cultivate compassion.

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Descartes on Behavior

Behavior is influenced by the interplay between mind and body. For example, someone facing an exam might use reason to control their fear and prepare effectively.

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Hobbes's View of Motivation

Individuals act primarily out of self-interest, seeking to maximize their well-being and avoid negative consequences. An example is a person working diligently to earn money and avoid financial hardship.

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Virtue

A positive character trait or moral excellence developed through consistent practice and habit formation.

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How do philosophers view behavior?

Philosophers offer different perspectives on why we act the way we do. Some focus on habits and purpose, others on the mind's role, and still others on self-interest as a driving force.

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Rousseau's View on Behavior

Rousseau believed that society influences our actions, potentially leading to deviations from our natural instincts. He argued that early childhood kindness, like sharing, is influenced by society's norms.

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Spencer's Evolutionary Behavior

Spencer saw behavior as a means of adapting to our environment. Effective communication skills, for example, can improve our chances of success in modern society.

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Plato's Balanced Personality

Plato believed that a balanced personality emerges when reason controls and harmonizes our desires and emotions. Reason should reign supreme.

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Aristotle's Emotion Regulation

Aristotle emphasized the importance of reason in controlling our emotions and desires to avoid excess or deficiency. This promotes moderation.

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Reason's Role in Personality

Both Plato and Aristotle believed that reason plays a crucial role in shaping a well-adjusted personality. It acts as a guide for emotions and desires.

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Study Notes

Defense Mechanisms of Psychoanalysis

  • Defense Mechanisms: are unconscious strategies the ego uses to protect itself from anxiety.
  • Repression: involves forgetting or blocking out a traumatic event.
  • Regression: an unconscious mechanism where the individual reverts to childish behaviors when faced with a stressful situation.
  • Displacement: involves transferring emotions associated with a troubling situation to something or someone else.
  • Sublimation: involves substituting unacceptable impulses with acceptable behaviors, or taking them out in a new form.
  • Projection: involves attributing one's own thoughts or feelings to another person.
  • Rationalization: involves attempting to justify behaviors using logical reasons.

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Description

Test your understanding of various defense mechanisms in psychology, such as repression, projection, and sublimation. This quiz will also cover concepts related to Constitutional theories and societal beliefs. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge of psychological concepts.

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