Psychology Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which psychologist is associated with Analytical Psychology?

  • Carl Jung (correct)
  • Sigmund Freud
  • B.F. Skinner
  • Jean Piaget

    • Classical Conditioning involves learning through direct reinforcement.

    False

    What are defense mechanisms?

    Unconscious strategies used to cope with anxiety.

    The part of the mind that seeks instant gratification is called the ______.

    <p>id</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a conditioned stimulus?

    <p>A bell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the psychological concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Displacement = Redirecting emotions to a safer target Supr ego = Represents moral standards and ideals Neurotic Disorder = Mental health disorders characterized by anxiety Humanism = Focus on self-actualization and personal growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ego balances the desires of the id and the moral constraints of the superego.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Behaviorism and Psychodynamic Psychology?

    <p>Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior, while Psychodynamic Psychology focuses on unconscious drives and early experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment?

    <p>Observational learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs suggests that higher-level needs can be pursued simultaneously with lower-level needs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What attachment style is characterized by infants feeling safe to explore when their caregiver is present?

    <p>Secure Attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Harlow's experiments demonstrated that infant monkeys preferred _______ over wire mothers that provided food.

    <p>comforting cloth mothers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the attachment style where infants show little distress when their caregiver leaves?

    <p>Insecure-Avoidant Attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the psychological theorists with their key concepts:

    <p>Albert Bandura = Observational learning Abraham Maslow = Hierarchy of Needs Harry Harlow = Attachment theory Alfred Adler = Birth order effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of gender refers specifically to biological differences between individuals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Alfred Adler, how do firstborn children typically develop personality traits?

    <p>Leadership traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key concept in Humanistic Psychology?

    <p>Self-actualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Operant Conditioning involves learning through association.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the key figure associated with Classical Conditioning?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Freud's psychosexual stages, the first stage is called the ______.

    <p>Oral Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each psychological theory to its corresponding focus:

    <p>Psychoanalysis = Unconscious processes Behaviorism = Observable behavior Humanism = Personal growth Cognitive Psychology = Mental processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development occurs during young adulthood?

    <p>Intimacy vs. Isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Nature vs. Nurture debate suggests that genetics and environment do not interact.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Adler's concept related to feelings of inferiority called?

    <p>Inferiority complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Maslow, self-fulfillment and personal growth lead to ______.

    <p>self-actualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the conditioning type to its definition:

    <p>Operant Conditioning = Learning through reinforcement and punishment Classical Conditioning = Learning by associating a neutral stimulus with a meaningful one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological approach focuses on internal mental processes?

    <p>Cognitive Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Karen Horney's theories?

    <p>Interpersonal relationships and feelings of inadequacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dreams are believed to be meaningless according to Cognitive Theory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Piaget, children develop logical thinking during the ______ stage.

    <p>Concrete Operational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Psychological Definitions

    • Analytical Psychology: Jung's theory emphasizing the unconscious mind and archetypes, suggesting a collective unconscious shared by all.
    • Classical Conditioning: Learning through association; a neutral stimulus paired with a meaningful one elicits a response. (e.g., Pavlov's dogs).
    • Cognition: Mental processes including thinking, learning, memory, and problem-solving.
    • Conditioned Stimulus: A formerly neutral stimulus that now triggers a learned response. (e.g., the bell in Pavlov's experiment).
    • Defense Mechanism: Unconscious strategies to manage anxiety (e.g., denial, repression).
    • Displacement: A defense mechanism where emotions are redirected to a safer target. (e.g., anger at boss transferred to family).
    • Fixation: Stuck at a developmental stage, leading to unresolved conflicts.
    • Id: The part of the mind seeking instant gratification.
    • Superego: Represents moral standards and ideals; acts as a conscience.
    • Ego: The reality-based part of the mind; mediates the id and superego.
    • Neurotic Disorder: Mental disorders involving anxiety, fear, or irrationality, with insight into reality maintained.
    • Psychoanalytic Theory: Freud's theory emphasizing unconscious drives and early experiences as shaping behavior.

    Comparing Psychological Theories

    • Behaviorism vs. Psychodynamic Psychology: Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors learned from the environment (rewards/punishments), while psychodynamic psychology focuses on unconscious internal drives and early childhood experiences.
    • Cognitive vs. Humanistic Psychology: Cognitive psychology examines mental processes like memory and problem-solving, while humanistic psychology emphasizes self-actualization and personal growth.
    • Psychodynamic vs. Humanistic Psychology: Psychodynamic emphasizes unconscious conflicts, and humanistic emphasizes personal development and free will.
    • Humanistic vs. Behaviorism: Humanism centers on free will, personal growth, and self-actualization, while behaviorism focuses on how observable behaviors change through environmental reinforcement.

    Conditioning Concepts

    • Operant Conditioning: Learning from consequences (rewards/punishments) increasing/decreasing behaviors.
      • Reinforcement: Increases behavior (positive: reward, negative: removal of unpleasant).
      • Punishment: Decreases behavior (positive: adding unpleasant, negative: removing a reward).
      • Key Figure: B.F. Skinner
    • Classical Conditioning: Learning through association; a previously neutral stimulus now elicits a response after pairing with a meaningful stimulus.
      • Key Figure: Ivan Pavlov (dog experiment)
    • Difference: Classical conditioning is association, operant conditioning is consequences.
    • Applications: Classical conditioning is used in advertising, operant conditioning is used in education and parenting.

    Theories of Dreaming

    • Psychoanalytic Theory: Dreams reveal repressed desires/emotions (Freud).
    • Activation-Synthesis Theory: Dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity.
    • Cognitive Theory: Dreams aid memory and emotion processing.
    • Evolutionary Theory: Dreams may simulate potential threats.

    Nature vs. Nurture

    • Nature: Genetics determines behavior/traits. (e.g., similar behaviors in identical twins raised separately).
    • Nurture: Environment shapes behavior/traits (e.g., different upbringings result in different behaviors).
    • Modern View: Nature and nurture interact to influence development.

    Key Developmental Theories

    • Psychosexual Stages (Freud): Five stages focused on pleasure areas: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital. Unresolved conflicts may result in personality issues.
    • Karen Horney on Neurosis: Neurosis stems from interpersonal relationships and feelings of inadequacy. Childhood experiences lead to insecurity.
    • Alfred Adler's Individual Psychology: Striving for superiority and overcoming inferiority motivates behavior. Importance of social interest.
    • Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development: Four stages describing children's cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.
    • Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development: Eight stages with challenges and conflicts to resolve for healthy development: Trust vs. Mistrust, etc.
    • Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment: Observational learning demonstrated via imitation of aggressive behaviors.
    • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Five-level pyramid of needs: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization.
    • Harlow's Monkey Experiments: Demonstrated importance of emotional attachment instead of just basic needs.
    • Ainsworth's Infant-Mother Attachment: "Strange Situation" experiment described attachment styles (secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-ambivalent).
    • Birth Order: Adler's theory proposes birth order might influence personality development, firstborn, middle, and youngest child.
    • Sex vs. Gender: Sex refers to biological differences, gender refers to socially constructed roles and behaviors.

    Study Tips

    • Memorize definitions and examples.
    • Understand theory differences.
    • Apply concepts to real-world scenarios.
    • Learn dreaming theories and the nature versus nurture perspective.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of fundamental concepts in psychology, including key figures, theories, and experiments. This quiz covers topics ranging from analytical psychology to attachment styles and conditioning. Perfect for students and enthusiasts of psychology alike!

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