Psychology Classical Conditioning Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the process called when a conditioned response diminishes after the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?

Acquisition

Extinction (correct)

Generalization

Discrimination

How many trials were mentioned before the animal ceased showing the conditioned response to the tone?

10 (correct)

What is indicated by a lack of salivation in response to the tone following extinction trials?

The animal's memory of the tone has improved.

The unconditioned response has been replaced.

The animal has lost interest in the experiment.

The conditioned response has been extinguished. (correct)

What adaptation do evolutionary psychologists suggest is associated with spontaneous recovery and extinction?

Adaptive learning for survival Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an unconditioned stimulus in the described experiment?

The meat powder Signup and view all the answers

Why might extinction be considered an adaptive response in wild animals?

It saves energy by stopping unnecessary responses. Signup and view all the answers

What does spontaneous recovery refer to in the context of conditioned responses?

The immediate return of a conditioned response after extinction Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the conditioned response when the tone is presented without the meat powder over several trials?

The conditioned response eventually disappears. Signup and view all the answers

What is operant behavior?

Behavior that operates on or manipulates the environment Signup and view all the answers

Which principle explains why positive outcomes increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated?

Law of Effect Signup and view all the answers

What type of conditioning involves involuntary responses like salivation?

Classical Conditioning Signup and view all the answers

Which response is characteristic of operant conditioning?

Pressing a lever to receive food Signup and view all the answers

What was one application of operant conditioning proposed by B.F. Skinner during World War II?

Using pigeons to guide missiles Signup and view all the answers

How does repetition impact the learning of operant behaviors?

It leads to faster response times over several trials. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of responses are often conditioned in classical conditioning?

Involuntary and automatic responses Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior would NOT be considered operant behavior?

A person blinking at a sudden bright light Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of extinction from a cognitive perspective?

It updates the child's mental representation of their environment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following variables plays a crucial role in the process of extinction?

Repeated presentation of conditioned stimuli without the UCS Signup and view all the answers

In Pavlov's experiments, what stimulus led to the extinction of the conditioned response (CR)?

The sound of the tone without meat powder Signup and view all the answers

What outcome did Pavlov observe after the initial conditioning in dogs?

Increased responsive salivation followed by leveling off. Signup and view all the answers

What can lead a child to update their expectations regarding a conditioned stimulus?

Moving to a new environment where associations change. Signup and view all the answers

How does extinction relate to children's predictions about their environment?

It revises their predictions based on new experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the extinction process?

Extinction completely erases learned associations. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the return of a conditioned response after a period of no exposure to the conditioned stimulus?

Spontaneous recovery Signup and view all the answers

What does the CS represent in a classical conditioning scenario?

A neutral stimulus that becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of extinction in classical conditioning?

The loss of ability of the CS to elicit the CR when no longer paired with the UCS Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a species of animal becomes extinct?

The species entirely disappears. Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario illustrates the concept of extinction?

The infant no longer reacts positively to the sound of a car after the parent fails to return. Signup and view all the answers

What does extinction inhibit in species?

The response to environmental stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What might cause spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?

Reintroducing the UCS after a period of extinction Signup and view all the answers

How can adaptation be defined based on the content?

Responding differently to stimuli based on their functions. Signup and view all the answers

How is a conditioned response (CR) defined in classical conditioning?

A learned response triggered by a conditioned stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What would evolution favor according to the content?

Species that flee upon perceiving rustling sounds. Signup and view all the answers

What did Pavlov identify as an adaptive response in animals?

Discriminating stimuli that are similar in function. Signup and view all the answers

What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?

A stimulus that naturally elicits a reaction without prior learning Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the response in extinct species?

It remains intact for potential future use. Signup and view all the answers

In the given discussion, why might the infant retract their foot?

It reflects a learned response to a specific stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signifies the result of classical conditioning after several trials?

The adult's command becomes a trigger for laughter. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a phenomenon linked with extinction?

Inhibition of a species' response to stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

Why is generalizing responses to stimuli considered adaptive?

It ensures survival by recognizing functional similarities. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning

In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to elicit a conditioned response (CR)
A child hearing a car in the driveway may be a CS that elicits a CR of squealing with delight.
The UCS is the parents arriving home.

Extinction

Extinction is the process by which a CS loses its ability to elicit a CR because the CS is no longer associated with the UCS.
The child may move to a new house where the parents no longer drive home. The child will then no longer squeal with delight at the car sounds.

Spontaneous Recovery

When a CS is presented again after extinction, the CR may reappear, this is called spontaneous recovery
Spontaneous recovery is adaptive for survival, as it allows organisms to quickly adapt to changing environments.

Law of Effect

The law of effect states that pleasurable events stamp in responses and unpleasant events stamp them out.
For example, if a cat is rewarded with food for pulling a string, it will be more likely to pull the string in the future.

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning is a form of learning in which an organism learns to engage in behaviors that operate on or manipulate the environment.
In operant conditioning, voluntary responses such as pressing a lever or pecking at a target are acquired.
Skinner trained pigeons to peck at images of military targets to guide missiles.

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Description

Test your knowledge on classical conditioning concepts, including associated stimuli, extinction, and spontaneous recovery. This quiz dives into the processes that shape behaviors and responses in psychological learning. Perfect for psychology students and enthusiasts!