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Questions and Answers
What is the process called when a conditioned response diminishes after the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?
What is the process called when a conditioned response diminishes after the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus?
- Acquisition
- Extinction (correct)
- Generalization
- Discrimination
How many trials were mentioned before the animal ceased showing the conditioned response to the tone?
How many trials were mentioned before the animal ceased showing the conditioned response to the tone?
- 20
- 5
- 10 (correct)
- 15
What is indicated by a lack of salivation in response to the tone following extinction trials?
What is indicated by a lack of salivation in response to the tone following extinction trials?
- The animal's memory of the tone has improved.
- The unconditioned response has been replaced.
- The animal has lost interest in the experiment.
- The conditioned response has been extinguished. (correct)
What adaptation do evolutionary psychologists suggest is associated with spontaneous recovery and extinction?
What adaptation do evolutionary psychologists suggest is associated with spontaneous recovery and extinction?
What is an example of an unconditioned stimulus in the described experiment?
What is an example of an unconditioned stimulus in the described experiment?
Why might extinction be considered an adaptive response in wild animals?
Why might extinction be considered an adaptive response in wild animals?
What does spontaneous recovery refer to in the context of conditioned responses?
What does spontaneous recovery refer to in the context of conditioned responses?
What happens to the conditioned response when the tone is presented without the meat powder over several trials?
What happens to the conditioned response when the tone is presented without the meat powder over several trials?
What is operant behavior?
What is operant behavior?
Which principle explains why positive outcomes increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated?
Which principle explains why positive outcomes increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated?
What type of conditioning involves involuntary responses like salivation?
What type of conditioning involves involuntary responses like salivation?
Which response is characteristic of operant conditioning?
Which response is characteristic of operant conditioning?
What was one application of operant conditioning proposed by B.F. Skinner during World War II?
What was one application of operant conditioning proposed by B.F. Skinner during World War II?
How does repetition impact the learning of operant behaviors?
How does repetition impact the learning of operant behaviors?
What kind of responses are often conditioned in classical conditioning?
What kind of responses are often conditioned in classical conditioning?
Which behavior would NOT be considered operant behavior?
Which behavior would NOT be considered operant behavior?
What is the primary effect of extinction from a cognitive perspective?
What is the primary effect of extinction from a cognitive perspective?
Which of the following variables plays a crucial role in the process of extinction?
Which of the following variables plays a crucial role in the process of extinction?
In Pavlov's experiments, what stimulus led to the extinction of the conditioned response (CR)?
In Pavlov's experiments, what stimulus led to the extinction of the conditioned response (CR)?
What outcome did Pavlov observe after the initial conditioning in dogs?
What outcome did Pavlov observe after the initial conditioning in dogs?
What can lead a child to update their expectations regarding a conditioned stimulus?
What can lead a child to update their expectations regarding a conditioned stimulus?
How does extinction relate to children's predictions about their environment?
How does extinction relate to children's predictions about their environment?
What is a common misconception about the extinction process?
What is a common misconception about the extinction process?
What term describes the return of a conditioned response after a period of no exposure to the conditioned stimulus?
What term describes the return of a conditioned response after a period of no exposure to the conditioned stimulus?
What does the CS represent in a classical conditioning scenario?
What does the CS represent in a classical conditioning scenario?
What is the process of extinction in classical conditioning?
What is the process of extinction in classical conditioning?
What occurs when a species of animal becomes extinct?
What occurs when a species of animal becomes extinct?
Which scenario illustrates the concept of extinction?
Which scenario illustrates the concept of extinction?
What does extinction inhibit in species?
What does extinction inhibit in species?
What might cause spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?
What might cause spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?
How can adaptation be defined based on the content?
How can adaptation be defined based on the content?
How is a conditioned response (CR) defined in classical conditioning?
How is a conditioned response (CR) defined in classical conditioning?
What would evolution favor according to the content?
What would evolution favor according to the content?
What did Pavlov identify as an adaptive response in animals?
What did Pavlov identify as an adaptive response in animals?
What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
What happens to the response in extinct species?
What happens to the response in extinct species?
In the given discussion, why might the infant retract their foot?
In the given discussion, why might the infant retract their foot?
Which of the following signifies the result of classical conditioning after several trials?
Which of the following signifies the result of classical conditioning after several trials?
Which of the following represents a phenomenon linked with extinction?
Which of the following represents a phenomenon linked with extinction?
Why is generalizing responses to stimuli considered adaptive?
Why is generalizing responses to stimuli considered adaptive?
Study Notes
Classical Conditioning
- In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to elicit a conditioned response (CR)
- A child hearing a car in the driveway may be a CS that elicits a CR of squealing with delight.
- The UCS is the parents arriving home.
Extinction
- Extinction is the process by which a CS loses its ability to elicit a CR because the CS is no longer associated with the UCS.
- The child may move to a new house where the parents no longer drive home. The child will then no longer squeal with delight at the car sounds.
Spontaneous Recovery
- When a CS is presented again after extinction, the CR may reappear, this is called spontaneous recovery
- Spontaneous recovery is adaptive for survival, as it allows organisms to quickly adapt to changing environments.
Law of Effect
- The law of effect states that pleasurable events stamp in responses and unpleasant events stamp them out.
- For example, if a cat is rewarded with food for pulling a string, it will be more likely to pull the string in the future.
Operant Conditioning
- Operant conditioning is a form of learning in which an organism learns to engage in behaviors that operate on or manipulate the environment.
- In operant conditioning, voluntary responses such as pressing a lever or pecking at a target are acquired.
- Skinner trained pigeons to peck at images of military targets to guide missiles.
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Description
Test your knowledge on classical conditioning concepts, including associated stimuli, extinction, and spontaneous recovery. This quiz dives into the processes that shape behaviors and responses in psychological learning. Perfect for psychology students and enthusiasts!
