Classical Conditioning Terminology

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Questions and Answers

What is learning?

Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs due to experience.

What is behaviorism?

The view that behavior should be explained in terms of observable events rather than hypothetical mental processes.

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

A stimulus eliciting a reflexive response.

What is an unconditioned response?

A response that is automatically produced. Signup and view all the answers

What is a conditioned stimulus?

A neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is a conditioned response?

A response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is extinction in classical conditioning?

Repeating the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus, causing the conditioned response to disappear. Signup and view all the answers

What is spontaneous recovery?

The reappearance of a conditioned response after a pause following extinction. Signup and view all the answers

What is higher-order conditioning?

A neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus by being paired with an already established conditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is stimulus generalization?

Other, similar stimuli may produce the same reaction after a stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is stimulus discrimination?

Different responses are triggered by stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus in some way. Signup and view all the answers

What is counterconditioning?

The process of pairing a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response. Signup and view all the answers

What is systematic desensitization?

A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ivan Pavlov?

A Russian physiologist who observed conditioned salivary responses in dogs. Signup and view all the answers

Who was John B. Watson?

An American psychologist who founded behaviorism. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Mary Cover Jones?

'The mother of behavior therapy'; she believed fear could be unlearned and developed desensitization techniques. Signup and view all the answers

What is classical conditioning?

The process by which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar or related response. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning Terminology

Learning refers to a lasting change in behavior resulting from experience.
Behaviorism, introduced by John B. Watson, emphasizes observable behavior over mental processes.
An unconditioned stimulus (US) triggers a natural reflexive response.
The unconditioned response (UR) is the automatic reaction to an unconditioned stimulus.
A conditioned stimulus (CS) is a neutral stimulus that, after pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits a conditioned response.
A conditioned response (CR) is the learned response to a conditioned stimulus.
Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, leading to a decrease in the conditioned response.
Spontaneous recovery is the reemergence of a previously extinguished response following a pause after exposure to the conditioned stimulus.
Higher-order conditioning happens when an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus, making the latter a conditioned stimulus.
Stimulus generalization occurs when similar stimuli to the conditioned stimulus yield similar responses.
Stimulus discrimination is the ability to differentiate between stimuli, resulting in distinct responses.
Counterconditioning involves pairing a conditioned stimulus with a competing stimulus to reduce an undesired conditioned response.
Systematic desensitization is a counterconditioning technique that gradually introduces anxiety-inducing stimuli while promoting a relaxed state.
Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, is known for discovering conditioned responses in dogs.
John B. Watson, an American psychologist, founded behaviorism and focused solely on observable behavior.
Mary Cover Jones, known as the mother of behavior therapy, developed desensitization through her "Peter and the rabbit" experiment, showing that fear can be unlearned.
Classical conditioning is the learning process where a neutral stimulus gains the ability to elicit a response after association with an already relevant stimulus.

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Test your knowledge of classical conditioning terminology with these flashcards. This quiz covers key concepts such as learning, behaviorism, and unconditioned stimuli, which are essential for understanding behavioral psychology.