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Questions and Answers
What is learning?
Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs due to experience.
What is behaviorism?
The view that behavior should be explained in terms of observable events rather than hypothetical mental processes.
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
A stimulus eliciting a reflexive response.
What is an unconditioned response?
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What is a conditioned stimulus?
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What is a conditioned response?
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What is extinction in classical conditioning?
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What is spontaneous recovery?
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What is higher-order conditioning?
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What is stimulus generalization?
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What is stimulus discrimination?
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What is counterconditioning?
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What is systematic desensitization?
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Who was Ivan Pavlov?
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Who was John B. Watson?
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Who was Mary Cover Jones?
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What is classical conditioning?
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Study Notes
Classical Conditioning Terminology
- Learning refers to a lasting change in behavior resulting from experience.
- Behaviorism, introduced by John B. Watson, emphasizes observable behavior over mental processes.
- An unconditioned stimulus (US) triggers a natural reflexive response.
- The unconditioned response (UR) is the automatic reaction to an unconditioned stimulus.
- A conditioned stimulus (CS) is a neutral stimulus that, after pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits a conditioned response.
- A conditioned response (CR) is the learned response to a conditioned stimulus.
- Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, leading to a decrease in the conditioned response.
- Spontaneous recovery is the reemergence of a previously extinguished response following a pause after exposure to the conditioned stimulus.
- Higher-order conditioning happens when an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus, making the latter a conditioned stimulus.
- Stimulus generalization occurs when similar stimuli to the conditioned stimulus yield similar responses.
- Stimulus discrimination is the ability to differentiate between stimuli, resulting in distinct responses.
- Counterconditioning involves pairing a conditioned stimulus with a competing stimulus to reduce an undesired conditioned response.
- Systematic desensitization is a counterconditioning technique that gradually introduces anxiety-inducing stimuli while promoting a relaxed state.
- Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, is known for discovering conditioned responses in dogs.
- John B. Watson, an American psychologist, founded behaviorism and focused solely on observable behavior.
- Mary Cover Jones, known as the mother of behavior therapy, developed desensitization through her "Peter and the rabbit" experiment, showing that fear can be unlearned.
- Classical conditioning is the learning process where a neutral stimulus gains the ability to elicit a response after association with an already relevant stimulus.
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Description
Test your knowledge of classical conditioning terminology with these flashcards. This quiz covers key concepts such as learning, behaviorism, and unconditioned stimuli, which are essential for understanding behavioral psychology.