Psychology Classical and Operant Conditioning

Questions and Answers

What is classical conditioning?

Behavior and consequence

A neutral stimulus that elicits a response

Associating events or stimuli that happen together (correct)

Behavior will increase

What does operant conditioning involve?

Behavior and consequence

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

Stimulus that elicits an automated response

What is an unconditioned response?

The automated response Signup and view all the answers

What is a conditioned stimulus?

The previous neutral stimulus that causes the conditioned response Signup and view all the answers

What is positive reinforcement?

Behavior increases Signup and view all the answers

What is negative reinforcement?

Behavior will increase Signup and view all the answers

What is positive punishment?

Behavior will decrease Signup and view all the answers

What is negative punishment?

Behavior will decrease Signup and view all the answers

What does reinforcement mean?

Increasing a behavior Signup and view all the answers

What does punishment mean?

Decreasing a behavior Signup and view all the answers

What are primary reinforcers?

Reinforcers that have innate reinforcing qualities Signup and view all the answers

What are secondary reinforcers?

No inherent value and only has reinforcing qualities when linked with a primary reinforcer Signup and view all the answers

What is continuous reinforcement?

Reinforcer is received each time a behavior is displayed Signup and view all the answers

What is fixed interval reinforcement?

Reinforcement is delivered at predictable time intervals Signup and view all the answers

What is variable interval reinforcement?

Reinforcement is delivered at unpredictable time intervals Signup and view all the answers

What is fixed ratio reinforcement?

Reinforcement is delivered after a predictable number of responses Signup and view all the answers

What is variable ratio reinforcement?

Reinforcement is delivered after an unpredictable number of responses Signup and view all the answers

What is latent learning?

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it Signup and view all the answers

What are the two forms of associative learning?

Operant and classical conditioning Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of responses?

Unconditioned and conditioned stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What does a conditioned stimulus do?

Stimulus that elicits response after being paired with an unconditioned response Signup and view all the answers

What is stimulus generalization?

Associating similar stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is habituation?

Not responding to stimulus anymore Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the founder of behaviorism?

Watson Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning

Involves associating events or stimuli that occur together repeatedly.
An unconditioned stimulus (like food) elicits an unconditioned response (such as salivation).
A neutral stimulus (like a bell) can become a conditioned stimulus when paired with an unconditioned stimulus, leading to a conditioned response.

Operant Conditioning

Focuses on the relationship between behavior and its consequences (reinforcement or punishment).
Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior, whereas punishment decreases it.
Two forms of reinforcement: primary (innate qualities like food) and secondary (gains reinforcing qualities through association).

Key Terms in Conditioning

Unconditioned Stimulus: Stimulus that elicits an automatic response.
Unconditioned Response: The automatic reaction to the unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Stimulus: A neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits a conditioned response.

Reinforcement and Punishment

Positive Reinforcement: Increases behavior by providing a rewarding stimulus.
Negative Reinforcement: Increases behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus.
Positive Punishment: Decreases behavior by adding an unpleasant consequence.
Negative Punishment: Decreases behavior by taking away a pleasant stimulus.

Types of Reinforcement Schedules

Continuous Reinforcement: Reinforcer is given every time a behavior occurs.
Fixed Interval: Reinforcement occurs at predictable time intervals.
Variable Interval: Reinforcement occurs at unpredictable time intervals.
Fixed Ratio: Reinforcement occurs after a specific number of responses.
Variable Ratio: Reinforcement occurs after an unpredictable number of responses.

Learning Concepts

Latent Learning: Learning that occurs but is not immediately observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it.
Stimulus Generalization: Associating similar stimuli with the same response.
Habituation: A decline in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure.

Historical Context

John B. Watson: Founder of Behaviorism, emphasizing the study of observable behaviors and the importance of conditioning in learning.

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Description

This quiz delves into the principles of classical and operant conditioning. Explore key terms and concepts that define the relationship between stimuli and responses, as well as the effects of reinforcement and punishment on behavior. Test your understanding and knowledge in this essential area of psychology.