Questions and Answers
How many times did it take before Little Albert was conditioned?
A boyfriend or girlfriend cheated on you multiple times. You break up with them, and a year later start a new relationship. You immediately feel that you can't trust your new partner. This is an example of...
What is Pavlov known for?
classical conditioning
What is a form of learning in which consequences of behavior produce changes in the probability that the behavior will occur?
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Who is associated with operant conditioning?
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What type of conditioning do advertisements utilize?
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Punishment ______ a response, making it ______ likely to occur.
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In the Little Albert experiment, the learned fear in response to the rat is a...
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Behaviorism wants to know the internal emotional underpinnings driving behavior and employs introspection as their scientifically rigorous method of access them.
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What is the behavior we are looking at when you get in your car and hear a beep until you put on your seat belt?
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What if every time you turned in an assignment late, I added 5 questions to your final exam for each minute that you were late? This is an example of...
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During the conditioning stage the _____ and _____ are repeatedly paired to produce the _____ until the association between the two stimuli is made in a phase called ____.
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Who is associated with operant conditioning, often known for the law of effect?
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B.F. Skinner believed in free will.
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In Pavlov's study on dog salivation, the meat powder is the _____, the slobbering is the _____, and the ringing sound is the _____.
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Negative reinforcement is essentially, at its core, punishment.
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What if every time you participated in class, I took 5 questions off of your final exam? This is an example of...
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In Operant Conditioning, positive, as in Positive Reinforcement and Positive Punishment means ________________________________________________________________.
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In Operant Conditioning, negative, as in Negative Reinforcement and Negative Punishment means ______________________________________________.
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Extinction is unlearning that happens when an organism is exposed to the conditioned stimulus without any exposure to the unconditioned stimulus for an extended period of time.
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Who is known for classical conditioning?
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In Pavlov's experiment, after the conditioning stage, the ring sound has become a _____, because it now elicits the _____
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Behaviorism errs on the side of being philosophical, and therefore does not provide Psychology with the same type of scientific legitimacy that some of the other areas provide.
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John Watson has a reputation of being the most kindhearted, straight-laced, good guy of the behaviorism world.
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Reinforcement ______ a response, making it _____ likely to occur.
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How did you react after seeing your sister's dog, Betty, and then experiencing a panic attack due to another dog?
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Study Notes
Classical and Operant Conditioning
- Little Albert was conditioned after 7 pairings of neutral and unconditioned stimuli.
- Stimulus generalization is exhibited when feelings of mistrust in a new partner stem from past experiences of being cheated on.
- Classical conditioning is notably associated with Pavlov's experiments on dogs' salivation.
- Operant conditioning is defined as a learning process through which consequences affect the likelihood of a behavior's occurrence.
- B.F. Skinner is a major figure in operant conditioning research, emphasizing the role of reinforcement and punishment.
- Advertisements often use classical conditioning techniques to associate products with positive stimuli.
- Punishment weakens a response, making it less likely to be repeated.
- In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned response (CR) refers to the learned fear of the rat.
- Behaviorism does not focus on internal emotions or rely on introspection for understanding behavior.
- Negative reinforcement involves the removal of an aversive stimulus to increase a desired behavior, such as fastening a seatbelt to stop a beeping noise.
- Adding extra exam questions for late submissions exemplifies positive punishment.
- Operant conditioning continually pairs a response with its consequences during the conditioning stage.
- Edward Thorndike's work also contributes to the foundations of operant conditioning.
- B.F. Skinner rejected the notion of free will in favor of behavior shaped by environmental factors.
- In Pavlov's study, the unconditioned stimulus (US) was the meat, the unconditioned response (UR) was the dog's salivation, and the conditioned stimulus (CS) became the bell ringing.
- Negative reinforcement is fundamentally different from punishment; it encourages behavior through stimulus removal.
- "Positive" refers to the addition of a stimulus in operant conditioning, hence reinforcing behavior.
- "Negative" indicates the removal of a stimulus, typically to decrease behavior in operant conditioning.
- Extinction occurs when an organism no longer associates a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus after a period of disuse.
- John Watson is associated with classical conditioning and is known for his controversial views and methods.
- After the conditioning phase in Pavlov's experiment, the bell is a conditioned stimulus that elicits a conditioned response (salivation).
- Behaviorism is considered a scientifically legitimate area within psychology, rejecting the idea that it lacks scientific credibility.
- John Watson is not regarded as a kindhearted figure; his behavioral approaches were quite strict and focused solely on observable behaviors.
- Reinforcement increases a response's likelihood, establishing a direct link between behavior and its consequences.
Case Study of Fear Conditioning
- A traumatic experience with dogs led to conditioned fear responses when encountering unfamiliar dogs.
- Interaction with a gentle dog (Betty) helped to diminish fear, showcasing the principle of extinction through new, positive experiences.
- An unexpected encounter with another dog led to a resurgence of panic, demonstrating the potential for conditioned responses to be reactivated.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the principles of classical and operant conditioning in psychology. This quiz covers key concepts, famous experiments, and major figures in the field, including Pavlov and Skinner. Explore how conditioning affects behavior and responses in various contexts.
