Psychology Chapters 14 & 15 Review
38 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic symptom of PTSD?

  • Dissociative identity shifts
  • Tension and anxiety (correct)
  • Enhanced memory retention
  • Euphoria and excessive energy

    • What distinguishes dissociative fugue from dissociative amnesia?

  • Presence of multiple identities within one person
  • Loss of personal identity and travel to a new location (correct)
  • Complete forgetting of traumatic events only
  • Memory gaps without any loss of identity

    • Which disorder is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities?

  • Dissociative identity disorder (correct)
  • Dissociative fugue
  • Antisocial personality disorder
  • Dissociative amnesia

    • What behavior is commonly associated with individuals who have antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>Deceitfulness and lack of remorse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary method of treatment for psychological disorders?

    <p>Supernatural healing practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is intrinsic motivation primarily directed toward?

    <p>Experiencing pleasure from the activity itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of General Adaptation Syndrome involves the body's preparation for sustained defense from a stressor?

    <p>Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive dissonance refer to?

    <p>A sense of discomfort stemming from internal conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of extrinsic motivation?

    <p>Orientation toward external rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Immigrant Paradox describe health disparities?

    <p>Greater health disparities emerging over generations due to various factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Dunning-Kruger Effect refer to?

    <p>The tendency to overestimate one's abilities in areas of low skill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Biopsychosocial Model?

    <p>It considers biological, psychological, and social factors as interconnected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does replicability in a scientific study indicate?

    <p>The ability to reproduce similar results upon repeated experimentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive psychology aims to understand which of the following?

    <p>The basic skills and processes underlying mental life and behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'stream of consciousness' describe?

    <p>A continuous flow of thoughts and feelings in individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a teratogen?

    <p>An agent that can harm a developing embryo or fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Theory of Mind refer to?

    <p>The ability to understand that others have different mental states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Yerkes-Dodson Law explains what relationship?

    <p>The effect of arousal on task performance up to a certain level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stressor involves ongoing, persistent pressures in daily life?

    <p>Chronic Stressor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coping strategy involves directly addressing the underlying problem?

    <p>Problem-focused coping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Buffering Hypothesis primarily concerned with?

    <p>The role of emotional support in coping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Outgroup Homogeneity Effect refer to?

    <p>Believing that all individuals in an outgroup are similar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT predict the formation of friendships or romantic relationships?

    <p>Cultural Background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits is NOT part of the Five-Factor Theory?

    <p>Imagination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does having an external locus of control mean?

    <p>Believing outcomes are influenced by external factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the tendency of individuals to see their abilities as above average?

    <p>Better-Than-Average Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the Diathesis-Stress Model?

    <p>The interaction between environment and individual predisposition in mental disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of personality, what does situationism emphasize?

    <p>The impact of external situations on behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Major Depressive Disorder?

    <p>Experiencing a major depressive episode for at least two weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Bipolar II Disorder is correct?

    <p>It requires at least one major depressive episode for diagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

    <p>Recurrent or unwanted thoughts that increase anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder primarily involves the repeated restriction of food intake?

    <p>Anorexia Nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the effect of tolerance in addiction?

    <p>The diminished effect of a substance with continuous use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?

    <p>Frequent thoughts related to a highly stressful event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of Persistent Depressive Disorder?

    <p>Depressed mood for a majority of the day over two years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is typical for individuals with Bulimia Nervosa?

    <p>Binge eating followed by purging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining trait of Schizophrenia?

    <p>Alterations in thought, perception, and consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common emotion do individuals with anxiety disorders experience?

    <p>Excessive fear and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Exam Review

    • Final exams are looming, despite Christmas being near
    • Trying to cram the entire course in the day before the exam is not recommended
    • Aim to pass the finals!

    Exam Reminders

    • Exam date: December 17th (Tuesday)
    • Time: 8:30 am
    • Required materials: Pencil
    • Exam format: 40 multiple-choice questions, 2 short-answer questions (3 total to choose from)
    • Content covered: Chapters 14 & 15, cumulative
    • Study guide: consult for terms

    The Dunning-Kruger Effect

    • People with limited skill struggle to evaluate their own performance.
    • Confidence is initially high but then drops with increased knowledge and experience.

    The Biopsychosocial Model

    • A model for understanding psychological processes.
    • Integrates biological, psychological, and social factors as intertwined elements that shape mental and behavioral processes.

    Replicability

    • A quality of a scientific study
    • Allows for the experiment to be repeated and receive similar results.

    Cognitive Psychology

    • Focuses on the fundamental processes and abilities that lead to human behavior and thought.

    Stream of Consciousness

    • Describes the continuous flow of ever-changing thoughts.

    Zygote

    • The beginning of life
    • The moment of conception when a sperm unites with an egg.

    Teratogens

    • Agents that negatively affect the developing embryo or fetus.

    Infantile Amnesia

    • Inability to recall early childhood events.

    Attachment Style

    • Secure
    • Insecure/Avoidant
    • Insecure/Ambivalent (anxious)
    • Disoriented-Disorganized

    Theory of Mind

    • Individuals have the mental ability to understand that others have unique perspectives and mental states.
    • To think about what someone else is thinking or feeling.

    Self-actualization

    • Achieving one's full potential and happiness
    • The desire to develop one's full potential as a human being and to live as the best version of oneself.

    Yerkes-Dodson Law

    • Performance on challenging tasks improves with arousal to a certain extent
    • After a certain point, further increases in arousal negatively affect performance

    Intrinsic Motivation

    • Motivation rooted in inherent values or satisfaction derived from the activity itself.

    Extrinsic Motivation

    • Motivation prompted by external incentives, like rewards.

    Cognitive Dissonance

    • Feeling of discomfort caused by conflicting ideas or behaviors.

    Health Psychology

    • Applying psychological research to understand the connections between thoughts, actions, and mental/physical well-being.

    Immigrant Paradox

    • Health disparities become greater between foreign-born and native-born individuals across generations.
    • Contributing factors include poor diet, loss of culture, social networks, and stress.

    General Adaptation Syndrome

    • Three stages: -Alarm: Initial physical response to a stressor -Resistance: Body prepares for a prolonged stressor -Exhaustion: Body's resources deplete from ongoing stress response

    Fight or Flight

    • Physiological animal preparedness to deal with threatening situations.

    Four Types of Stressors

    • Major life stressors
    • Chronic stressors
    • Daily hassles
    • Discrimination-related stressors

    Types of Coping

    • Emotion-focused coping: understanding and managing emotions
    • Problem-focused coping: taking steps to resolve a problem

    Buffering Hypothesis

    • Social support reduces the negative effects of stress.

    Social Support

    • Feeling cared for and supported by others that improves both mental and physical well-being

    Outgroup Homogeneity Effect

    • Individuals perceive out-group members as less varied than in-group members.

    Group Polarization

    • The idea that groups amplify the initial tendencies of their members.

    The Mere Exposure Effect

    • The more often people are exposed to something, the more positive their attitude toward it becomes.

    The ABCs

    • Discrimination – negative treatment based on group membership
    • Prejudice - negative feelings and opinions about a group
    • Stereotype - a generalized belief about a group

    Modern Racism

    • Prejudice that simultaneously tolerates anti-racist stances

    Factors predicting relationships (friends, partners, or enemies)

    • Proximity and familiarity
    • Personal characteristics
    • Physical attractiveness

    Five-Factor Theory

    • Identifies five fundamental personality traits:
      • Openness to experience
      • Conscientiousness
      • Extraversion
      • Agreeableness
      • Neuroticism

    Internal Locus of Control

    • Belief that one controls their own destiny

    External Locus of Control

    • Belief that rewards and life outcomes are influenced by forces beyond one's control

    Better-Than-Average Effect

    • The tendency for people to rate their own attributes and abilities above average.

    Downward Comparison

    • Comparing oneself to someone perceived as less successful or less fortunate to raise self-esteem.

    Upward Comparison

    • Comparing oneself to someone perceived as more successful or more fortunate to gauge improvement.

    Temperament

    • The usual attitude, mood, or behavior of a person.

    Situationism

    • Human personality is shaped mostly by situation.

    Interactionism

    • The daily interactions between people that drive societal evolution and growth

    Psychopathology

    • Illness or mental disorder.

    DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)

    • A reference guide used to diagnose mental disorders.

    Diathesis-Stress Model

    • Explains the development of mental disorders as a result of both disposition and external stress levels.

    Anxiety Disorders

    • Specific phobia
    • Social anxiety disorder
    • Generalized anxiety disorder
    • Panic disorder
    • Agoraphobia
    • Characterized by excessive fear and anxiety in the absence of actual danger.

    Depressive Disorders

    • Major depressive disorder
    • Persistent depressive disorder
    • Occurring frequently through periods of sadness, a loss of interest in once enjoyable activities, and other symptoms that extend over several weeks or months.

    Bipolar Disorders

    • Bipolar I disorder
    • Bipolar II disorder
    • Characterized by mood swings with episodes of mania and depression.

    Schizophrenia

    • alterations in thoughts, perceptions, and consciousness
    • Characterized by hallucinations and delusions.

    OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)

    • Obsessions: recurrent unwanted thoughts
    • Compulsions: specific acts someone feels forced to repeat (e.g., cleaning, counting)

    Eating Disorders

    • Anorexia Nervosa: characterized by fear of weight gain, and restricted food intake and often purging
    • Bulimia Nervosa: marked by binge eating, and compensation behaviors such as purging
    • Binge eating disorder: characterized by binge eating episodes with no compensatory behaviors

    Addiction

    • Dependence on a substance or activity
    • Tolerance: needing more to experience the same effect.
    • Withdrawal: symptoms experienced upon stopping substance use.

    PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

    • Disorder arises after a stressful event
    • Characterized by recurring memories, tension, anxiety, and difficulties with memory and attention.

    Dissociative Disorders

    • Dissociative amnesia: memory loss surrounding a specific event.
    • Dissociative fugue: taking on a new identity, often in a new place
    • Dissociative identity disorder: more than one personality coexisting in the same person.

    Borderline Personality Disorder

    • Characterized by emotional instability, relationship problems, and self-image issues and impulsive behavior.

    Personality Disorders

    • Paranoid
    • Schizoid
    • Schizotypal
    • Histrionic
    • Narcissistic
    • Borderline
    • Antisocial
    • Avoidant
    • Dependent
    • Obsessive-compulsive
    • Characterized by maladaptive patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions.

    Antisocial Personality Disorder

    • Diagnosis marked by a disregard for rules and the well-being of others and engaging in deceitful and irresponsible behaviors.

    Neurodevelopmental Disorders

    • Intellectual disabilities
    • Communication disorders
    • Autism spectrum disorder
    • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Specific learning disorders
    • Motor disorders
    • These are disorders that appear in childhood

    Treatment of psychological disorders

    • Therapy types (various approaches)
    • Methods they use
    • Medications (general types, not specific drugs)
    • Biological treatments

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Final Exam Review PDF

    Description

    Prepare for your final psychology exam covering chapters 14 and 15. This quiz will help you understand key concepts such as the Dunning-Kruger Effect, the Biopsychosocial Model, and replicability in studies. Make sure to utilize your study guide for optimal results.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser