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Questions and Answers
Which condition describes a limited ability to perceive color?
What is the main function of the Ishihara test?
What visual phenomenon can result from damage to the primary visual cortex?
According to the trichromatic theory, how many types of cones are responsible for color vision?
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What phenomenon involves filling in missing details in a visual field due to scotomas?
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What do the hair cells in the cochlea trigger upon stimulation?
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Which part of the brain is the auditory cortex located in?
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Which of the following best describes the primary function of the basilar membrane?
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What is the primary role of the dorsal-column medial lemniscus system?
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Which term refers to the auditory quality that allows us to differentiate between different sounds?
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Which anatomical structure rests on the hair cells of the cochlea?
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Which of the following correctly defines the term 'proprioception'?
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What is indicated by a lower threshold in the context of pain sensitivity?
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What type of substance primarily acts as an olfactory stimulus?
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Where are olfactory receptor cells located?
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Which part of the brain is primarily associated with processing olfactory information?
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What is the role of the olfactory tract?
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How many different types of olfactory receptor cells exist?
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How does the condition of having a cold affect olfactory perception?
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What is the primary function of olfactory cells?
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Which system is mainly involved with pain and temperature rather than olfactory sensations?
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What distinguishes sensation from perception?
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Which statement best describes the role of a stimulus in sensation?
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What is the primary focus of psychophysics?
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Which of the following defines external sensation?
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What do interoceptors or visceroceptors primarily monitor?
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Which of the following correctly describes absolute and difference thresholds?
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The integration of stimuli by the sense organs and brain is primarily associated with which process?
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Which element is NOT part of the sensory system for external sensation?
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What is prosopagnosia primarily characterized by?
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Which part of the ear is involved in cochlear coding?
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How do prosopagnosics respond to familiar faces?
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What is the frequency range that the auditory receptors in the ear are sensitive to?
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Which structure in the ear is responsible for converting sound vibrations into neural signals?
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What is the role of the ventral stream in relation to prosopagnosia?
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What does Fournier analysis do in relation to natural sounds?
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What is a common characteristic of natural sounds?
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Study Notes
Sensation and Perception
- Sensation is the activation of sense organs by a source of physical energy
- Perception is the sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of stimuli by the sense organs and brain.
Sensory Systems
- Interoceptors or Visceroceptors are found in the visceral organs.
- The skin contains receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
Psychophysics
- Psychophysics studies the relationship between the physical aspects of stimuli and our psychological experience of them.
- The absolute threshold is the minimal intensity of a stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time.
- The difference threshold is the smallest difference between two stimuli that can be detected 50% of the time.
Visual Phenomena
- Normal color vision can distinguish at least 7 million different colors.
- The Ishihara test is used to identify color blindness.
- Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision posits that three kinds of cones exist in the retina, each most responsive to blue-violet, green, or yellow-red.
- Prosopagnosia is the inability to distinguish among faces.
- Scotomas are areas of blindness in the contralateral visual field due to damage to the primary visual cortex.
- Blindsight is the response to visual stimuli outside conscious awareness of “seeing”.
Auditory System
- Sound waves are movements of air molecules brought about by vibrations.
- The auditory receptor is the ear
- The ear is sensitive to sound waves within 20-20,000Hz.
- The ear is composed of an outer, middle, and inner ear.
- The inner ear contains the cochlea, a snail-shaped tube filled with fluid that vibrates in response to sound.
- Hair cells in the organ of Corti are mounted on the basilar membrane and are the auditory receptors.
- The auditory cortex is located in the temporal lobe.
- The core region of the auditory cortex includes the primary cortex surrounded by the belt, a band of secondary cortex.
- Secondary cortex outside the belt is referred to as parabelt areas.
Auditory Phenomena
- Pitch is related to the frequency of sound waves.
- Loudness is related to the intensity of sound waves.
- Tonal quality, or timbre, is related to the complexity of sound waves.
Somatosensory System
- The dorsal-column medial lemniscus system mainly carries touch and proprioception.
- The anterolateral system mainly carries pain and temperature.
- Phantom limbs are sensations experienced in a missing limb.
Olfactory System
- More than a thousand receptor cells, known as olfactory cells, are spread across the olfactory epithelium (nasal cavity).
- The olfactory bulb, located near the front of the brain, is where olfactory axons end.
- The olfactory tract is a bundle of nerves starting at the bulb and going to the brain.
Olfactory Phenomena
- The nose shapes the sound of a person's voice.
- The nasal voice heard in someone with a cold or allergies is due to the loss of nasal resonation.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of sensation and perception in this quiz. Test your understanding of how we interpret stimuli through our senses, the role of psychophysics, and visual phenomena including color vision. Learn about interoceptors, absolute thresholds, and more as you delve into psychological principles.
