Psychology Chapter on Sensation and Perception
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of transduction in sensory systems?

  • To filter out irrelevant sensory information
  • To interpret sensory signals into conscious experience
  • To transform physical stimuli into neural impulses (correct)
  • To enhance the stimulus energy received by the sensory organs
  • How do bottom-up and top-down processing differ in the context of perception?

  • Bottom-up processing relies on prior knowledge, while top-down processing does not
  • Bottom-up processing starts with sensory input, while top-down processing uses existing knowledge (correct)
  • Top-down processing is unconscious while bottom-up processing is conscious
  • Both processes result in the same perception outcomes
  • What does the concept of absolute threshold refer to?

  • The minimal intensity needed to just barely detect a stimulus (correct)
  • The variable intensity of a stimulus perceived by different individuals
  • The highest intensity of a stimulus that can be detected
  • The average intensity at which stimuli can be perceived
  • What role does attention play in the process of perception?

    <p>It helps select certain information for further processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the difference threshold refer to?

    <p>The minimum difference between stimuli that can be detected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the field of psychophysics?

    <p>An investigation of the relationship between physical events and conscious experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Weber's Law, how must two stimuli differ for them to be perceived as different?

    <p>By a minimum percentage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might children perceive different images than adults when looking at vague shapes or forms?

    <p>Children have less knowledge which reduces top-down processing reliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of how psychophysics relates physical energy to psychological experience?

    <p>Sugar concentration corresponds to the level of sweetness perceived</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sensory adaptation?

    <p>The decline in sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is selective attention responsible for?

    <p>Filtering and prioritizing sensory information for consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon illustrates the difference between perception and reality?

    <p>The interpretive nature of perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inattentional blindness occurs when?

    <p>Attention is concentrated on one object or task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Change blindness is best described as?

    <p>Failing to notice visual details in a focused scene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage difference is required for perceiving a change in light stimuli according to Weber's Law?

    <p>8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the role of our sensory systems?

    <p>They provide more information than our conscious awareness can handle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the perceived brightness of a light wave?

    <p>Intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is wavelength defined in terms of a light wave?

    <p>Distance from the peak of one wave to the peak of the next</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the eye acts as the main lens to focus light?

    <p>Lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the fovea in the visual system?

    <p>To provide the highest visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of visual issue can occur if accommodation is impaired?

    <p>Nearsightedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the trichromatic theory suggest about the eye's cone receptors?

    <p>The eye contains three types of cones sensitive to red, blue, and green.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain?

    <p>Ganglion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the optic nerve?

    <p>To carry visual impulses to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which visual pathway is responsible for the identification of objects?

    <p>What pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition describes the inability to recognize objects by sight?

    <p>Visual form agnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the area with no receptor cells in the eye?

    <p>Blind spot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon allows us to perceive objects as constant despite changes in lighting?

    <p>Color constancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct definition of depth perception?

    <p>Ability to judge how far away an object is.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of binocular disparity in depth perception?

    <p>It provides information about depth based on retinal images from two eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept explains our perception of objects being the same size despite distance variation?

    <p>Size constancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Gestalt principles impact our perception?

    <p>They provide simple grouping rules that help construct perceptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cue of interposition indicate about two overlapping objects?

    <p>The blocking object is interpreted as being closer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cue involves the comparison of sizes to determine distance?

    <p>Relative Size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does linear perspective have on the perception of distance?

    <p>It suggests that parallel lines converge as they recede into the distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the relative height cue influence our perception of distance?

    <p>Objects nearer to the ground appear to be farther away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between pitch and frequency in sound waves?

    <p>Pitch is related to the frequency of a sound, with low frequency being low pitch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sound complexity refer to in wave characteristics?

    <p>The mix of frequencies and amplitude changes in a sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the ear amplifies sound vibrations between the eardrum and the cochlea?

    <p>Middle Ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does intensity in sound waves refer to?

    <p>The energy in a wave related to perceived loudness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the cochlea play in hearing?

    <p>It contains the auditory receptors known as hair cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do large amplitude sound waves affect the basilar membrane?

    <p>They cause a greater number of hair cells to send signals to the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is referred to as sensorineural hearing loss?

    <p>Hearing loss caused by loud sounds damaging hair cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary assumption of the Gate-Control Theory?

    <p>Neurons in the spinal cord can block or transmit pain signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes how the brain perceives pitch using the Place Code?

    <p>It analyzes which neurons are activated along the basilar membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do intensity differences assist in sound localization?

    <p>They allow the head to act as a shadow or barrier to sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sensory receptors provide signals interpreted as pain?

    <p>Nociceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the function of hair cells within the cochlea?

    <p>They convert sound waves into electrical signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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