Psychology Chapter on Stress Response

<p>Thyroid gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hippocampus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling the autonomic nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased catecholamine levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It triggers the activation of the HPA axis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulating the release of hormones from the adrenal gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Responding to unexpected events (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced immune function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By triggering changes in muscle tissue, which send signals to the brain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress hormones directly influence gene transcription (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guiding goal-directed behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hippocampus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute stress is short-term, while chronic stress is long-term (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serotonin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basal forebrain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating attention and arousal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced risk of autoimmune diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By stimulating the release of dopamine, associated with feelings of pleasure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurotrophic effects involve the creation of new brain cells, while neuromodulatory effects alter existing brain cell function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By releasing hormones that cross the blood-brain barrier (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exercise has significant and multifaceted effects on the brain and body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiates the &quot;fight or flight&quot; response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excitatory or inhibitory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They trigger a cascade that releases irisin and cathepsin, which have neuroprotective effects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulating the release of adrenaline and cortisol. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood-brain barrier (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Location: one is inside the head, the other is outside (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myokines trigger a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the release of neuroprotective factors like irisin and cathepsin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>BDNF supports neurogenesis, protects against damage, and modulates synaptic plasticity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parasympathetic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurotrophic effects are long-term and have lasting impacts, while neuromodulatory effects are short-term and influence immediate brain activity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vigorous physical activity increases the release of IGF-1 from peripheral tissues into the bloodstream. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling voluntary muscle movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The release of serotonin from the raphe nucleus, influencing neural activity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase its permeability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrical and chemical (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The blood-brain barrier selectively controls which exercise-related compounds can enter the CNS. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in corticosteroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle fatigue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Executive control network and salience control network (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a physiological response to an interpretation of a threat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Biological processes that help adapt to stressors and challenges.

A feedback system maintaining stability through constancy.

A predictive system that anticipates demands and promotes stability through change.

The system controlling stress responses, involving the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

Brain structure managing autonomic nervous system functions like heart rate.

Endocrine gland that produces multiple hormones affecting various body functions.

Small glands that produce steroid hormones like cortisol and adrenaline.

Physiological reactions that help the body manage stress.

Immediate physiological reaction to a perceived threat.

Hormones like norepinephrine and dopamine released during stress.

Stress hormones such as cortisol that increase gradually in response to stress.

Brain network that detects and responds to novel or significant stimuli.

Brain network that manages goal-directed behavior and decision-making.

A catecholamine that enhances alertness and arousal during stress.

The effect stress has on thinking and decision-making processes.

Effects of exercise that support neuron health and growth by promoting neurogenesis and proliferation.

Examples include myokines, IGF-1, and BDNF, all promoting cell growth and neuroprotection.

Molecules released by muscles during contraction that have protective effects on neurons.

A growth factor that supports brain cell growth and metabolism, released during vigorous exercise.

A key neurotrophic factor that promotes neurogenesis and protects cells in the brain.

Electrochemical effects of exercise that alter the way neurons communicate and behave.

Locomotive activity enhances serotonin levels, affecting mood and neural activity.

Changes in the body and brain due to hormones and compounds released from organs during physical activity.

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; involved in executive functions.

Posterior parietal cortex; processes sensory information.

A real or interpreted threat to homeostasis leading to responses.

Effects of exercise on the peripheral nervous system, affecting body movement and health.

Effects of exercise on the central nervous system including brain activity and mood.

Part of the peripheral nervous system controlling voluntary movements.

Part of the peripheral nervous system that processes sensory information.

Regulates involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion.

Division responsible for 'rest and digest' functions.

Division responsible for 'fight or flight' responses during stress.

Chemical messengers in the nervous system that can be excitatory or inhibitory.

Selectively permeable barrier protecting the brain from harmful substances.

Exercise affects a wide range of bodily functions, improving overall health.

Effects on brain function influenced by physical activity, affecting arousal and mood.

An increase in dopamine production from locomotive activity, impacting motivation and pleasure.

A brain region that releases dopamine and is involved in pleasure and reward pathways.

A brain region involved in movement control and the release of dopamine.

A neurotransmitter that promotes attention and is released during physical activity influencing the visual cortex.

A brain area critical for regulating attention and cognitive function, affected by acetylcholine.

Interactions where peripheral exercise effects influence central nervous system functions.