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Questions and Answers
What does the Exosystem primarily represent in Bronfenbrenner's theory?
What does the Exosystem primarily represent in Bronfenbrenner's theory?
- Broad societal influences
- Direct contact and influence
- Interactions between different microsystems
- Empathy and emotional influences (correct)
The Chronosystem refers to consistent environmental influences without any major changes.
The Chronosystem refers to consistent environmental influences without any major changes.
False (B)
Who formulated the Ecological Systems Theory?
Who formulated the Ecological Systems Theory?
Dr. Urie Bronfenbrenner
The ____ represents interactions between two microsystems.
The ____ represents interactions between two microsystems.
Match the following components to their definitions:
Match the following components to their definitions:
What is a common theme among cognitive distortions?
What is a common theme among cognitive distortions?
Personalization involves attributing blame to oneself for negative outcomes.
Personalization involves attributing blame to oneself for negative outcomes.
What is magnification and minimization in the context of cognitive distortions?
What is magnification and minimization in the context of cognitive distortions?
Cognitive distortions can contribute to mental health issues like _____ and _____.
Cognitive distortions can contribute to mental health issues like _____ and _____.
Match the following cognitive distortions with their descriptions:
Match the following cognitive distortions with their descriptions:
Which theory states that bodily changes precede emotional experience?
Which theory states that bodily changes precede emotional experience?
According to the Cannon-Bard Theory, emotional and physical responses occur simultaneously.
According to the Cannon-Bard Theory, emotional and physical responses occur simultaneously.
What is the role of cognitive appraisal in emotions?
What is the role of cognitive appraisal in emotions?
In the Schachter-Singer Theory, emotions result from physiological appraisal and ______.
In the Schachter-Singer Theory, emotions result from physiological appraisal and ______.
Match the following theories of emotion with their key ideas:
Match the following theories of emotion with their key ideas:
Which of the following is NOT part of the tripartite composition of the self?
Which of the following is NOT part of the tripartite composition of the self?
Thoughts always include words and never include pictures, speech, or smells.
Thoughts always include words and never include pictures, speech, or smells.
What are the two thinking systems proposed by Daniel Kahneman?
What are the two thinking systems proposed by Daniel Kahneman?
According to Dr. Paul Ekman, ______ is one of the seven types of emotions that is neither positive nor negative.
According to Dr. Paul Ekman, ______ is one of the seven types of emotions that is neither positive nor negative.
Match the following components of the self with their descriptions:
Match the following components of the self with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Tripartite Composition of the Self
- Individual Self: Represents a person’s unique traits and identity.
- Relational Self: Concerns interpersonal relationships and attachments.
- Collective Self: Focuses on perspectives and roles within groups.
Thoughts
- Comprise various mental activities including desires, plans, and memories.
- Can manifest as language, visual images, speech, or sensory experiences.
Thinking Systems by Daniel Kahneman
- System 1: Functions automatically and quickly, enabling rapid decision-making.
- System 2: Engages in deliberate and effortful processing for complex decisions.
Emotions
- Defined as conscious mental reactions to experiences.
Dr. Paul Ekman’s Types of Emotions
- Identifies seven core emotions: Neutral, Anger, Disgust, Fear, Joy, Sadness, Surprise.
Features of Emotions
- Antecedent Condition: Triggers or events that provoke an emotional response.
- Cognitive Appraisal: Involves personal beliefs, thoughts, and internal dialogues.
- Emotional Expressions: Represents the emotional state or mood experienced.
Theories of Emotions
- James-Lange Theory: Emotions arise from physiological responses; feeling follows bodily change.
- Cannon-Bard Theory: Emotional and physiological reactions are simultaneous and independent.
- Schachter-Singer Theory: Emotions result from both physiological and cognitive appraisals, influencing how situations are perceived.
Bio-Ecological Perspective of the Self
- Formulated by Dr. Urie Bronfenbrenner, an influential American psychologist.
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory
- Microsystem: Immediate environment with direct interactions.
- Mesosystem: Relationships between different microsystems.
- Exosystem: External environmental influences affecting the individual, indirectly.
- Macrosystem: Cultural context, including societal norms and values.
- Chronosystem: Influence of time and transitions on development and experiences.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Focuses on how perceptions of events can shape emotions and behaviors, rather than the events themselves.
Cognitive Distortions
- Patterns of negative thinking that may lead to emotional distress.
Types of Cognitive Distortions
- Magnification and Minimization: Distorting the significance of events.
- Arbitrary Inferences: Making unfounded conclusions; includes catastrophizing and mind reading.
- "Should" Statements: Critiquing reality through unrealistic expectations.
- Personalization: Taking undue responsibility for external events.
Understanding cognitive distortions is essential in addressing mental health issues like anxiety and depression.
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