Psychology Chapter on Self and Emotions

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Questions and Answers

What does the Exosystem primarily represent in Bronfenbrenner's theory?

Broad societal influences

Direct contact and influence

Interactions between different microsystems

Empathy and emotional influences (correct)

The Chronosystem refers to consistent environmental influences without any major changes.

False

Who formulated the Ecological Systems Theory?

Dr. Urie Bronfenbrenner

The ____ represents interactions between two microsystems.

Mesosystem Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components to their definitions:

Microsystem = Direct influence and contact Macrosystem = Broad societal influence Mesosystem = Interaction between microsystems Chronosystem = Changes over time and transitions Signup and view all the answers

What is a common theme among cognitive distortions?

They can lead to negative emotions and behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

Personalization involves attributing blame to oneself for negative outcomes.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is magnification and minimization in the context of cognitive distortions?

Exaggerating the importance of negative events or minimizing positive ones. Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive distortions can contribute to mental health issues like _ and _.

anxiety, depression Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cognitive distortions with their descriptions:

Arbitrary Inferences = Jumping to conclusions without evidence 'Should' Statements = Focusing on what one thinks should happen Catastrophizing = Thinking of the worst-case scenario Mind Reading = Assuming knowledge about others' thoughts Signup and view all the answers

Which theory states that bodily changes precede emotional experience?

James-Lange Theory Signup and view all the answers

According to the Cannon-Bard Theory, emotional and physical responses occur simultaneously.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cognitive appraisal in emotions?

It involves beliefs, thoughts, and interpretations that affect emotional experience. Signup and view all the answers

In the Schachter-Singer Theory, emotions result from physiological appraisal and ______.

cognitive appraisal Signup and view all the answers

Match the following theories of emotion with their key ideas:

James-Lange Theory = Bodily changes precede emotional experience Cannon-Bard Theory = Emotions and physiological reactions occur simultaneously Schachter-Singer Theory = Emotions result from physiological and cognitive appraisal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the tripartite composition of the self?

The Emotional Self Signup and view all the answers

Thoughts always include words and never include pictures, speech, or smells.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two thinking systems proposed by Daniel Kahneman?

System 1 and System 2 Signup and view all the answers

According to Dr. Paul Ekman, ______ is one of the seven types of emotions that is neither positive nor negative.

neutral Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the self with their descriptions:

The Individual Self = Reflects a person's subjective uniqueness The Relational Self = Reflects dyadic bonds or attachments The Collective Self = Different Perspective Towards Others Emotions = Conscious Mental Reaction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tripartite Composition of the Self

Individual Self: Represents a person’s unique traits and identity.
Relational Self: Concerns interpersonal relationships and attachments.
Collective Self: Focuses on perspectives and roles within groups.

Thoughts

Comprise various mental activities including desires, plans, and memories.
Can manifest as language, visual images, speech, or sensory experiences.

Thinking Systems by Daniel Kahneman

System 1: Functions automatically and quickly, enabling rapid decision-making.
System 2: Engages in deliberate and effortful processing for complex decisions.

Emotions

Defined as conscious mental reactions to experiences.

Dr. Paul Ekman’s Types of Emotions

Identifies seven core emotions: Neutral, Anger, Disgust, Fear, Joy, Sadness, Surprise.

Features of Emotions

Antecedent Condition: Triggers or events that provoke an emotional response.
Cognitive Appraisal: Involves personal beliefs, thoughts, and internal dialogues.
Emotional Expressions: Represents the emotional state or mood experienced.

Theories of Emotions

James-Lange Theory: Emotions arise from physiological responses; feeling follows bodily change.
Cannon-Bard Theory: Emotional and physiological reactions are simultaneous and independent.
Schachter-Singer Theory: Emotions result from both physiological and cognitive appraisals, influencing how situations are perceived.

Bio-Ecological Perspective of the Self

Formulated by Dr. Urie Bronfenbrenner, an influential American psychologist.

Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory

Microsystem: Immediate environment with direct interactions.
Mesosystem: Relationships between different microsystems.
Exosystem: External environmental influences affecting the individual, indirectly.
Macrosystem: Cultural context, including societal norms and values.
Chronosystem: Influence of time and transitions on development and experiences.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Focuses on how perceptions of events can shape emotions and behaviors, rather than the events themselves.

Cognitive Distortions

Patterns of negative thinking that may lead to emotional distress.

Types of Cognitive Distortions

Magnification and Minimization: Distorting the significance of events.
Arbitrary Inferences: Making unfounded conclusions; includes catastrophizing and mind reading.
"Should" Statements: Critiquing reality through unrealistic expectations.
Personalization: Taking undue responsibility for external events.

Understanding cognitive distortions is essential in addressing mental health issues like anxiety and depression.

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Description

This quiz explores the tripartite composition of the self, including individual, relational, and collective dimensions. It also delves into thinking systems as outlined by Daniel Kahneman and Dr. Paul Ekman's types of emotions. Test your knowledge of how emotions are triggered and processed in the mind.