PSY 1A Module 1: Tripartite Self Review

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Questions and Answers

What does the individual self primarily reflect?

Social values and norms

A person's subjective uniqueness (correct)

Connections with others

Cultural identity

Which thinking system is characterized by effortful and slow decision making?

Automatic processing

Intuitive thinking

System 1

System 2 (correct)

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven types of emotions identified by Dr. Paul Ekman?

Sadness

Contentment (correct)

Joy

Surprise

What is meant by the relational self?

Reflections on dyadic bonds or attachments Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction does an emotion represent?

A conscious mental reaction Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the microsystem in Bronfenbrenner's theory?

Direct influence and direct contact information. Signup and view all the answers

Which system encompasses interactions of two microsystems?

The Mesosystem Signup and view all the answers

What does the exosystem primarily influence?

Empathy and influence related to a microsystem. Signup and view all the answers

How is the macrosystem defined in Bronfenbrenner's theory?

Broad influences based on shared experiences affecting many individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of the chronosystem?

It addresses sudden changes and transitions in life. Signup and view all the answers

What are cognitive distortions primarily linked to?

Errors in thinking Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive distortion involves exaggerating negative events?

Magnification and minimization Signup and view all the answers

What does 'catastrophizing' entail in terms of cognitive distortion?

Imagining the worst-case scenario Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of personalization in cognitive distortions?

Believing you are responsible for a friend's mood Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive distortion focuses on what you think should happen?

Should statements Signup and view all the answers

What primarily triggers an emotion according to the antecedent condition?

Events, contexts, or situations Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the James-Lange theory of emotion?

Emotional experiences are caused by bodily changes. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Schachter-Singer theory emphasize as essential for emotional experience?

Both physiological changes and cognitive appraisal matter. Signup and view all the answers

In the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, how do emotions and physiological reactions relate?

Both occur simultaneously and independently. Signup and view all the answers

What does cognitive appraisal refer to in the context of emotions?

The interpretation of a situation or event. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tripartite Composition of the Self

Individual self signifies unique personal identity.
Relational self emphasizes relationships and emotional attachments.
Collective self involves perspectives shaped by group identities.

Thoughts

Include various mental activities: wishes, hopes, plans, predictions, and memories.
Can manifest as words, images, speech, or sensory inputs like smells.

Thinking Systems by Daniel Kahneman

System 1 is characterized by rapid, instinctual decision-making.
System 2 entails slower, more deliberate, and effortful decision-making.

Emotions

Defined as conscious mental reactions elicited by stimuli.

Dr. Paul Ekman and Emotions

Identified seven basic emotions: Neutral, Anger, Disgust, Fear, Joy, Sadness, Surprise.
Emotions can be triggered by specific events or contexts.

Components of Emotional Experience

Antecedent Condition/Activating Event: Triggers that initiate emotional responses.
Cognitive Appraisal/Beliefs: Individual interpretations and thought patterns influencing emotions.
Emotional Expressions/Consequence: Resulting feelings, moods, and emotional states.

Theories of Emotions

James-Lange Theory: Emotions caused by physiological changes; emotions follow the body's physical reactions.
Cannon-Bard Theory: Emotions and physical responses occur simultaneously and independently.
Schachter-Singer Theory: Emotions arise from both physiological changes and cognitive interpretation of those changes.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Emphasizes that emotions and behaviors are shaped by perceptions and interpretations, rather than by events alone.

Cognitive Distortions

Flawed thinking patterns that negatively impact emotions and behaviors.
Common among individuals with psychological disorders.

Types of Cognitive Distortions

Magnification and Minimization: Inflating the significance of negative events while downplaying positive experiences.
Arbitrary Inferences: Drawing conclusions without adequate evidence; includes catastrophic thinking and mind reading.
"Should" Statements: Holding onto idealistic notions of what must happen rather than accepting reality.
Personalization: Attributing blame or responsibility for negative outcomes to oneself or others.

Module 2: Bio-Ecological Perspective of the Self

Dr. Urie Bronfenbrenner: Renowned psychologist known for the Ecological Systems Theory.

Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory

Microsystem: Immediate environment affecting individuals directly.
Mesosystem: Interactions between different microsystems.
Exosystem: External factors influencing the individual indirectly.
Macrosystem: Larger cultural context affecting multiple micro and exo systems.
Chronosystem: Impact of significant changes or transitions over time.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of the tripartite composition of the self in PSY 1A. This module delves into the individual, relational, and collective selves, providing insight into how each perspective shapes our understanding of identity. Enhance your grasp of how thoughts relate to these dimensions.