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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a positive symptom of psychosis?
Which of the following is NOT a positive symptom of psychosis?
- Avolition (correct)
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Grossly disorganized behavior
According to the DSM-5, how long must symptoms persist to diagnose schizophrenia?
According to the DSM-5, how long must symptoms persist to diagnose schizophrenia?
- One month
- Six months (correct)
- Three months
- One week
- One year
Which theorist coined the term 'schizophrenia'?
Which theorist coined the term 'schizophrenia'?
- Emil Kraepelin
- Kurt Schneider
- Richard Bentall
- John Nash
- Eugen Bleuler (correct)
What type of delusion involves a belief that one has special powers or abilities?
What type of delusion involves a belief that one has special powers or abilities?
Which of the following is considered a negative symptom of psychosis?
Which of the following is considered a negative symptom of psychosis?
Which of the following statements is a double negative question: It is not uncommon for individuals with psychosis to not exhibit delusions?
Which of the following statements is a double negative question: It is not uncommon for individuals with psychosis to not exhibit delusions?
The prodromal phase of psychosis is characterized by:
The prodromal phase of psychosis is characterized by:
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?
Schizoaffective disorder includes symptoms of schizophrenia and which other condition?
Schizoaffective disorder includes symptoms of schizophrenia and which other condition?
The peak period of onset for psychotic disorders is typically:
The peak period of onset for psychotic disorders is typically:
Which of the following is NOT a DSM-5 type of psychotic disorder?
Which of the following is NOT a DSM-5 type of psychotic disorder?
What percentage of patients with schizophrenia report hallucinations?
What percentage of patients with schizophrenia report hallucinations?
Which symptom involves a severe reduction or absence of emotional responses?
Which symptom involves a severe reduction or absence of emotional responses?
Which of the following statements is a double negative question: Schizophrenia is not often undiagnosed in individuals who do not show symptoms?
Which of the following statements is a double negative question: Schizophrenia is not often undiagnosed in individuals who do not show symptoms?
Which phase of psychosis involves persistent positive and negative symptoms?
Which phase of psychosis involves persistent positive and negative symptoms?
The term 'dementia praecox' was first used by:
The term 'dementia praecox' was first used by:
Which of the following is NOT a feature of catatonia?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of catatonia?
Which of the following is a double negative question: It is not uncommon for hallucinations not to be experienced by people with schizophrenia?
Which of the following is a double negative question: It is not uncommon for hallucinations not to be experienced by people with schizophrenia?
What is the main focus of the diathesis-stress model?
What is the main focus of the diathesis-stress model?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT included in the DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT included in the DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia?
The prevalence of schizophrenia in the general population is approximately:
The prevalence of schizophrenia in the general population is approximately:
Which psychotic disorder is characterized by delusions lasting at least one month?
Which psychotic disorder is characterized by delusions lasting at least one month?
Which of the following statements is a double negative question: It is not improbable that some people with psychosis are not affected by social stigma?
Which of the following statements is a double negative question: It is not improbable that some people with psychosis are not affected by social stigma?
What is the role of antipsychotic medications in treating schizophrenia?
What is the role of antipsychotic medications in treating schizophrenia?
Which of the following disorders involves psychotic symptoms and mood disturbances?
Which of the following disorders involves psychotic symptoms and mood disturbances?
Which of the following is NOT a type of hallucination?
Which of the following is NOT a type of hallucination?
Which phase of psychosis is characterized by early signs and subtle symptoms?
Which phase of psychosis is characterized by early signs and subtle symptoms?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
What is the focus of family therapy in the treatment of psychotic disorders?
What is the focus of family therapy in the treatment of psychotic disorders?
Which of the following statements is a double negative question: It is not unexpected that individuals with schizophrenia do not always show disorganized speech?
Which of the following statements is a double negative question: It is not unexpected that individuals with schizophrenia do not always show disorganized speech?
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Study Notes
Symptoms of Psychosis
- Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and grossly disorganized behavior.
- Avolition is a negative symptom, characterized by lack of motivation.
Diagnosis of Schizophrenia
- Symptoms must persist for at least six months according to DSM-5 guidelines.
- Coined by Eugen Bleuler, the term "schizophrenia" emphasizes its complexities.
Types of Delusions
- Grandiose delusions involve beliefs in possessing special powers or abilities.
- Other types include persecutory, somatic, nihilistic, and erotomanic delusions.
Negative Symptoms of Psychosis
- Examples include avolition, alogia (poverty of speech), and catatonia, marked by severe emotional response reduction.
Understanding Double Negatives
- A double negative question implies confusion and may lead to varied interpretations; for example, "not uncommon" or "not unexpected."
Phases of Psychosis
- The prodromal phase is characterized by gradual deterioration, while the acute phase displays persistent severe symptoms.
- The late recovery phase involves management of ongoing symptoms.
Neurotransmitter Involvement
- Dopamine is primarily associated with both the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia and positive symptoms.
- Other neurotransmitters, such as serotonin or GABA, do not primarily influence schizophrenia.
Schizoaffective Disorder
- This disorder combines symptoms of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder.
Prevalence and Hallucinations
- Approximately 60-70% of patients with schizophrenia report experiencing hallucinations.
- Schizophrenia prevalence in the general population is about 1-2%.
Treatment Focus
- Antipsychotic medications primarily aim to reduce psychotic symptoms, addressing both delusions and hallucinations.
- Family therapy emphasizes reducing expressed emotion to improve treatment outcomes.
Types of Psychotic Disorders
- DSM-5 includes schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, and brief psychotic disorder as formal diagnoses. Delusional disorder also features persistent delusions without other schizophrenia symptoms.
Characteristics of Hallucinations
- Types of hallucinations can be auditory, visual, olfactory, or tactile, but not affective.
Understanding Stigma and Therapy
- Social stigma can significantly impact individuals with psychosis, and therapy aims to strengthen coping mechanisms and medication adherence.
Overall Knowledge
- The diathesis-stress model highlights the interaction between genetic predispositions and environmental stressors, contributing to the emergence of psychotic disorders.
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