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Questions and Answers
What is perception?
What is perception?
The psychological process of making sense of stimuli and organizing sensory impressions to give meaning to the environment.
What is top-down processing?
What is top-down processing?
- Analyzing individual parts to understand a whole
- Observing the whole image first and applying existing knowledge (correct)
- Using sensory input without any prior knowledge
- None of the above
Which of the following indicates bottom-up processing?
Which of the following indicates bottom-up processing?
- Children identifying objects based on sensory features (correct)
- Seeing a complete image without analyzing parts
- Reading an article without noticing errors
- Interpreting sensory input based on experience
What do external factors affecting perception include?
What do external factors affecting perception include?
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Match the Gestalt laws with their definitions:
Match the Gestalt laws with their definitions:
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The law of continuity states that points connected by random lines are perceived as related.
The law of continuity states that points connected by random lines are perceived as related.
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Who established the concept of figure-ground perception?
Who established the concept of figure-ground perception?
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What is multi-stable perception?
What is multi-stable perception?
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Study Notes
Perception
- The process of making sense of stimuli through the senses, involving recognition, observation, and discrimination.
Top-Down Processing
- Using existing knowledge and experience to interpret sensations.
- Expectations influence perception.
- Example: Reading your own essay and missing spelling errors due to expecting certain words.
Bottom-Up Processing
- Analyzing individual parts of a stimulus to understand the whole.
- Useful for children with limited experience.
- Example: Identifying an elephant by observing its individual features like size, color, and trunk.
Factors Affecting Perception
- External factors: size, intensity, contrast, motion, novelty.
- Internal factors: personality, learning, motivation.
Gestalt Psychology
- Law of Similarity: Similar objects tend to be grouped together.
- Law of Prägnanz: Our brains simplify complex stimuli into the simplest possible forms.
- Law of Proximity: Objects close together are perceived as a group.
- Law of Continuity: Points connected by lines or curves are seen as a continuous path.
- Law of Closure: Incomplete figures are perceived as complete due to our brain filling in missing information.
Illusions
- Figure-Ground Perception: The ability to perceive an object as either the figure or the background, demonstrated in Rubin's Vase illusion.
- The human brain alternates between figure and ground perceptions, showcasing multi-stable perception.
- Figure-Ground Principle: People instinctively perceive objects as either foreground or background.
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