ch 8 keywords

Memory Key Words

• Absentmindedness: Memory lapses caused by attention breaks or focus elsewhere
• Acoustic Encoding: Input of sounds, words, and music into memory
• Amnesia: Memory loss due to disease, trauma, or psychological trauma
  • Anterograde Amnesia: Loss of memory for events after brain trauma
• Arousal Theory: Strong emotions enhance memory formation; weaker emotions create weaker memories.
• Atkinson-Shiffrin Model: Memory processing through sensory, short-term, and long-term memory systems.
• Automatic Processing: Encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and word meaning.
• Bias: Feelings and world views distorting memory of past events.
• Blocking: Inability to recall stored information.
• Chunking: Grouping information into manageable units.
• Construction: Formation of new memories
• Declarative Memory: Memory of facts and events personally experienced
• Effortful Processing: Encoding requiring effort and attention.
• Elaborative Rehearsal: Relating new information to existing knowledge for better encoding.
• Encoding: Transferring information into the memory system.
• Engram: Physical memory trace.
• Episodic Memory: Declarative memory about personally experienced events (autobiographical memory).
• Equipotentiality Hypothesis: Parts of the brain can take over damaged areas for memory function.
• Explicit Memory: Consciously retrieved memories.
• False Memory Syndrome: Recalling false autobiographical memories.
• Flashbulb Memory: Exceptionally clear memory of an important event
• Forgetting: Loss of information from long-term memory
• Implicit Memory: Unconscious memories.
• Levels of Processing: Deeper processing leads to better memory encoding
• Long-Term Memory (LTM): Continuous information storage
• Memory Set-Processes: Encoding, storing, and retrieving memory over time
• Memory-enhancing Strategies: Techniques for transferring information from short-term to long-term memory
• Misattribution: Confusing information source
• Misinformation Effect: Misremembering after exposure to inaccurate information
• Mnemonic Device: Aids for organizing information for encoding
• Persistence: Involuntary recall of unwanted memories
• Proactive Interference: Old information hindering recall of new information
• Procedural Memory: Long-term memory for skilled actions
• Recall: Retrieving information without cues
• Recognition: Identifying previously learned information with cues
• Reconstruction: Bringing up old memories, possibly distorted by new information.
• Rehearsal: Repeating information to remember it.
• Relearning: Learning information previously learned.
• Retrieval: Accessing information from memory
• Retroactive Interference: Recently learned information hindering recall of older information
• Retrograde Amnesia: Memory loss for events before brain trauma
• Self-reference Effect: Better memory for information related to oneself
• Semantic Encoding: Input of word meanings
• Semantic Memory: Declarative memory about words, concepts, and knowledge
• Sensory Memory: Short-term storage of sensory events (sights, sounds, tastes).
• Short-Term Memory (STM): Memory holding a limited amount of information briefly.
• Storage: Creating a permanent record of information
• Suggestibility: External influence leading to false memories.
• Transience: Memories fading over time.
• Visual Encoding: Input of images into memory.

Additional Concepts (Page 2 & 3)

• Memory types: declarative, episodic, semantic.
• Memory processes: encoding, storage, retrieval.
• Memory errors: misattribution, misinformation effect, persistence, etc.
• Memory aids: mnemonic devices, schemas
• Interference: proactive and retroactive
• Memory duration: Short-term memory, long-term memory.
• Encoding levels: shallow processing vs deep processing
• Factors affecting memory: Emotion (arousal), depth of processing, and attention
• Memory storage: Short-term and long-term memory.

This quiz focuses on key concepts related to memory in psychology. Explore terms such as absentmindedness, encoding methods, and types of amnesia. Test your understanding of how memories are formed and recalled.