Psychology Chapter on Memory and Conditioning

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Questions and Answers

What phenomenon occurs when similar colors are remembered as more dissimilar?

Swap errors

Episodic memory

Semantic memory

Memory distortion (correct)

What does hyperthymesia refer to in the context of memory?

The ability to remember specific events in great detail (correct)

The inability to forget certain memories

The advantage of forgetting excess information

The enhanced ability to recall semantic facts

Which type of memory is exemplified by remembering where food was buried, what was buried, and when it was buried?

Episodic memory (correct)

Implicit memory

Semantic memory

Working memory

What type of priming is demonstrated by recognizing 'Cats' as a word from a list of non-words?

Perceptual associative priming Signup and view all the answers

Which study found evidence that people can adjust visual memory to match the size of circles in specific locations?

Brady and Alvarez 2022 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a skill?

Driving a car Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate number of letters correctly recalled in the whole report condition of Sperling's 1960 experiment?

4 letters Signup and view all the answers

What does the partial report method in Sperling's experiment indicate about sensory memory?

Sensory memory can recall only specific items upon cue. Signup and view all the answers

Which task involved recalling meaningless three-consonant syllables?

Reading Span Task Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory task did Daneman and Carpenter focus on in their 1908 study?

Reading span Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about habits is true?

Habits are actions performed automatically in response to specific cues. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of memory is assessed in the Reading Span Task conducted by Daneman and Carpenter?

Working memory capacity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is classified as a habit?

Turning off the light when leaving a room Signup and view all the answers

What is one hypothesis explaining childhood amnesia?

Autobiographical memories are not formed before age 3. Signup and view all the answers

During which age frame do people typically remember the most autobiographical memories?

10-30 years Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes content-addressable memory in the context of storage and retrieval?

Addresses are linked systematically to content. Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the study by Godden and Baddeley (1975) illustrate regarding state-dependent retrieval?

Sober testing leads to higher free recall than drug testing. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the findings regarding children's memory capabilities?

Children as young as 9 months can demonstrate long-term recall. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential limitation of memories formed between ages 3 to 7?

They are often formed but not retained. Signup and view all the answers

In random access memory, which of the following most accurately describes a unit of information?

Each address can store variable-length information. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes state-dependent retrieval from other forms of memory retrieval?

It is dependent on the environment where learning occurred. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Quiz

A quiz was presented, likely online or in a slideshow format.

Grades

A variety of grades (C, B, A+) were displayed visually.

Memory

A presentation titled "Memory" was given on November 6, 2024.

Conditioning

The slideshow included a visual relating to a concept of conditioning.

Operant Conditioning

Images illustrating operant conditioning were present.
Rewards increase behavior, while punishment decreases it.

Classical Conditioning

Diagrams of classical conditioning, depicting stages from start to conditioned response, were included.

Skills and Habits

A slideshow section on "Skills and Habits" was presented.
Examples of skills included playing musical instruments, typing, riding a bicycle, swimming, driving, and handwriting.
Examples of habits involved brushing teeth, turning off lights, biting nails, and washing hands.

Henry Molaison

A picture of Henry Molaison was shown in a slide on skills and habits.

Mirror Tracing Task

Images illustrating a mirror tracing task were included in the slide on skills and habits.

Typing Test

Visual data from a typing test was presented.

Motor Sequence Learning

A graph displayed results of motor sequence learning, showing reaction times for random and repeating sequences.

Sensory Memory

Slides highlighting the concept of sensory memory were shown.
Various examples were given to demonstrate the concept, including an array of letters and the role of audio cues. Relevant research by Sperling was cited.

Working Memory

Slides were shown on Working Memory.

Reading Span Task

Research from Daneman and Carpenter (1980) was used to demonstrate memory working tasks.

More Working Memory

Additional memory tasks, using words and images, were presented and explained.

Peterson and Peterson (1959)

A graph detailing the results of the study by Peterson and Peterson (1959) on working memory was included.

Working Memory Examples

Slides illustrating different types of working memory tasks. These included examples on changing a mouse button.

Swap Errors

Slides presented research data on swap errors in working memory. Multiple graphs and diagrams on the related topic are present.

Working Memory: Swap Errors

Presentation on working memory and swap errors, with diagrams and detailed numerical measures.

Working Memory Experiment

A detailed set of diagrams illustrating an experimental design on working memory is shown. Specific tasks, times, conditions and methods are shown.

Working Memory Experiment Continued

More graphs and diagrams relating to the working memory tasks and experimental design were shown.

Semantic Memory

"Jeopardy" type presentations and examples of semantic memory were covered.
Providing examples of concepts, actions and word associations was demonstrated.

Childhood Amnesia

The presentation included slides on childhood amnesia, highlighting that adults typically have few autobiographical memories from before age 3, and possibly fewer from ages 3-7.
Two reasons for this were presented and relevant researched was cited.

Reminiscence Bump

Slides explaining the reminiscence bump, where people remember most events from ages 10-30, were shown.

Storage and Retrieval

This section presented random access memory, content addressable memory, and state-dependent retrieval.
Relevant concepts were illustrated using diagrams.
Research involving different environments and different conditions on memory tasks were used for demonstrations.

State-Dependent Retrieval

A table comparing free recall and cued recall based on the mental state during study and testing is presented, relating to the state-dependent retrieval of memory. A relevant study is mentioned.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts of memory, operant and classical conditioning, along with the development of skills and habits. It covers important figures in psychology such as Henry Molaison and highlights the dynamics of rewards and punishments in behavior modification. Test your understanding of these foundational topics in psychology.