Memory PDF

Quiz Grades  Memory November 6, 2024 Conditioning Operant Conditioning Classical Conditioning Skills and Habits Skills and Habits Examples of skills: 1. Playing a musical instrument 2. Typing 3. Riding a bicycle 4. Swimming 5. Driving a car 6. Handwriting Skills and Habits Examp...

Quiz Grades  Memory November 6, 2024 Conditioning Operant Conditioning Classical Conditioning Skills and Habits Skills and Habits Examples of skills: 1. Playing a musical instrument 2. Typing 3. Riding a bicycle 4. Swimming 5. Driving a car 6. Handwriting Skills and Habits Examples of habits: 1. Brush teeth before going to bed 2. Turning off the light when you leave a room 3. Biting nails when nervous 4. Washing hands after using the bathroom 5. Cracking knuckles 6. Washing hands after using the bathroom Skills and Habits Henry Molaison Skills and Habits mirror tracing task Skills and Habits Skills and Habits Motor sequence learning Nissen and Bullemer 1987 Sensory Memory Sensory Memory Sperling 1960 Sensory Memory  Sensory Memory Whole report (no cue): Approx. 4 letters correctly recalled (dark line) Partial report (cue) Approx. 3 letters in cued row correctly recalled Cue is random Thus, approx. 9 letters available (light line) Conclusion: There is a brief memory with a high capacity Working Memory Working Memory The lieutenant sat beside the man with the walkie-talkie and stared at the muddy ground. I will not shock my readers with a description of the cold-blooded butchery that followed. The courses are designed as much for professional engineers as for amateur enthusiasts. The taxi turned up Michigan Avenue, where they had a clear view of the lake. What was the last word in each sentence? Daneman and Carpenter 1908o Reading Span Task Working Memory When in trouble, children naturally hope for a miraculous intervention by a superhuman. With shocked amazement and appalled fascination Marion looked at the pictures. There are days when the city where I live wakes in the morning with a strange look. We boys wanted to warn them, but we backed down when it came to the pinch. He stood there at the edge of the crowd while they were singing, and he looked bitter. What would come after this day would be inconceivably different, would be real life. What was the last word in each sentence? Daneman and Carpenter 1908o Reading Span Task Working Memory GCY 606 Working Memory Participants had to recall meaningless three-consonant syllables such as: TGH, CLS, GPR. Working Memory Working Memory Luck & Vogel, 1997 Working Memory swap errors Bays, Catalao, Husain 2009 Working Memory: Swap Errors Bays, Catalao, Husain 2009 Working Memory Golomb 2015 Working Memory Similar colors are remembered as more dissimilar, Dissimilar color are remembered as more similar. Golomb 2015 Working Memory Brady and Alvarez 2022 Working Memory adjust size to match circle in that location Brady and Alvarez 2022 Working Memory Brady and Alvarez 2022 Semantic Memory Semantic Memory Examples: 1. Paris is the capital of France 2. Dogs are mammals 3. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius 4. Trees produce oxygen through photosynthesis 5. The letters in your name Semantic Memory Nurses are essential to a well-functioning hospital. What’s a word that starts with “d”? This is an example of conceptual associative priming. Cots are uncomfortable. Which of the following is a word? ○ Blats, Cats, Zats This was an example of perceptual associative priming. Episodic Memory Episodic Memory Scrub jays remember: Where they buried food What they buried When they buried it Whether it’s still edible peanuts mealworms crickets Clayton and Dickinson 1999 Episodic Memory: Episodic Memory: Hyperthymesia “If we remembered everything, we should on most occasions be as ill off as if we remembered nothing. It would take as long forus to recall a space of time as it took the original time to elapse, and we should never get ahead with our thinking.” Williams James Episodic Memory: Hyperthymesia Episodic Memory: Childhood Amnesia Childhood amnesia: Adults have few autobiographical memories before 3 years of age Adult have relatively fewer autobiographical memories 3-7 years of age Two explanations: Autobiographical memories aren’t formed before 3, fewer 3-7 Autobiographical memories aren’t retained before 3, fewer 3-7 Evidence offered in favor of second hypothesis: There seems to be long-term recall in children as young as 9 months Children seem to have many of the abilities required for memory Bauer 2014 Episodic Memory: Reminiscence Bump People remember the most from when they were 10-30 years old Storage and Retrieval Storage and Retrieval Random Access Memory Storage and Retrieval Random Access Memory Address Content 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 Input: (1, 1) Output: (1, 1, 0, 0) Storage and Retrieval Random Access Memory Address 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 The Addresses can be systematic Storage and Retrieval Computational Model of Content-Addressable Memory Storage and Retrieval Computational Model of Content-Addressable Memory Storage and Retrieval Content-addressable memory Address-Content 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 Input: (1, 1, X, 1, 0, 1) Output: (1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1) Input: (1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1) Output: (1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1) Storage and Retrieval Godden and Baddeley 1975 Storage State-dependent retrieval Condition Mean number of words recalled Study Test Free recall Cued recall sober sober 11.5 24.0 drug sober 6.7 22.6 sober drug 9.9 23.7 drug drug 10.5 22.3 Eich et al. 1975