Psychology Chapter on Memory and Amnesia

<p>It provides some improvement in symptoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expressing ideas through speech and writing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From a few minutes to a few hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased Ca++ concentration in presynaptic terminals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of engrams through structural alterations in synapses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up to several years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To retain sensory signals for a very short interval (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hippocampus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is neglected and forgotten (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in number and size of presynaptic terminals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased Ca++ concentration in presynaptic terminals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retrograde Amnesia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced sensitivity to chemical transmitters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability to form new long-term memories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychogenic Amnesia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repetition of new information during verbalization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability to form new long-term memories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short-term synaptic potentiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broca's area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the left cerebral hemisphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connecting Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tactile sensations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary auditory area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specialization of speech in one hemisphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Premotor area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The detection of visual stimuli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient cannot vocalize words but can make noises. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global aphasia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defect in the articulation process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased response to a frequently repeated stimulus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Associative learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global aphasia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Responding to a loud unexpected sound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flaccid speech (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the enhancement of response to a stimulus following intense experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conditioned stimulus must not be disturbed by external stimuli. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sound of the bell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The integration of past experiences to solve current problems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enables ignoring irrelevant stimuli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strong memory capability and proper recall at the right time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The response evoked can vary widely across different stimuli. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conditioned response may persist indefinitely. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability of the brain to store information and retrieve it at a later time. It's like a mental library that allows you access to past experiences.

The initial stage of memory, where sensory input is held for a very short time (seconds), like a fleeting glimpse of a scene. It is your brain's temporary holding area.

Memory that lasts for short periods (minutes to hours), allowing you to remember things within that timeframe. It's like a working memory that helps you keep track of things you're actively using.

The strengthening of the connection between neurons that occurs after repeated stimulation, a key process in storing short-term memories. It's like making a path clearer for information to travel.

A structural change in the brain that represents a long-term memory, like a permanent inscription. It's the physical 'record' of learning.

Memory that lasts for a long time (years), even a lifetime. It's the 'permanent storage' part of your memory system.

A type of short-term memory where repeated activation of a synapse leads to increased neurotransmitter release, making the connection stronger.

A long-lasting strengthening of synaptic connections caused by repeated stimulation, contributing to forming long-term memories.

An inability to recall events before a brain injury or malfunction, typically affecting recent memories more than older ones.

The process of converting short-term memories into long-term memories.

The inability to form new long-term memories after a brain injury or malfunction.

A type of amnesia caused by psychological stress, often with no neurological basis.

A type of amnesia characterized by a complete loss of personal data, including the individual's own name, but without any impact from familiar surroundings or relatives. While past events are forgotten, the ability to form new memories remains.

Characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function, including memory and attention. It is often caused by degeneration of brain regions responsible for memory, such as the hippocampus.

A neurodegenerative disease that causes significant memory impairment and cognitive decline in older adults. It affects roughly 10-15% of people over 65 years of age.

The process of understanding and expressing spoken and written language. It involves both receptive skills (understanding language) and expressive skills (producing language).

The region of the brain responsible for planning and executing movements, including the coordination of complex actions like speaking.

The area in the frontal lobe responsible for speech production, including the ability to form words and sentences.

The region in the parietal lobe that integrates sensory information to create a coherent understanding of the environment.

The part of the brain involved in auditory processing, including the perception of sounds and their meaning.

The area in the brain responsible for visual processing, including the interpretation of images and their meaning.

A bundle of nerve fibers that connect Broca's area (speech production) to Wernicke's area (language comprehension). It facilitates the flow of information between these two crucial regions.

The dominant hemisphere for language processing in most individuals, usually the left hemisphere in right-handed people.

The ability to express thoughts and ideas using spoken or written words.

The patient knows what they want to say and can vocalize, but cannot produce understandable words, only noises.

The patient can write, but cannot form comprehensible words or draw meaningful graphs, despite having the physical ability to move their hands.

A widespread aphasia affecting both language comprehension and production due to damage in both the frontal and temporal lobes.

A speech impairment caused by difficulties with the physical process of articulation, like muscle control for speaking.

A specific type of dysarthria characterized by a lack of muscle tone, resulting in weak and slurred speech.

A specific type of dysarthria caused by increased muscle tone, resulting in slow, monotonous speech.

A specific type of dysarthria characterized by poorly coordinated speech due to damage to the cerebellum.

The ability of past experiences to change natural reactions or create new ones. It's how we learn and adapt.

A simple learning process where repeated exposure to a stimulus leads to a gradual decrease in response. Think of getting used to the noise of a busy street.

A learning process where a previously neutral stimulus becomes associated with a specific response due to its pairing with another stimulus that naturally elicits that response. Think of Pavlov's dogs.

An increased sensitivity to a stimulus after exposure to a strong or unpleasant stimulus. Imagine being startled by loud noises after a car accident.

Learning that involves understanding the relationship between stimuli, often through trial and error. Think of a hungry animal learning to associate a specific sound with food.

A type of learning that involves combining past experiences to solve problems or achieve goals. Think of a student applying their knowledge to solve a complex math problem.

The learned response to a previously neutral stimulus after it's been paired with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response. Think of dogs salivating at the sound of a bell after repeatedly being fed in response to the bell.

A stimulus that naturally elicits a response without any prior learning. Think of food making a dog salivate.

A previously neutral stimulus that, after repeated pairings with an Unconditioned Stimulus (US), comes to elicit a conditioned response (CR). Think of a bell ringing before food is given.