Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of memory is specifically associated with sensory stimuli of visual inputs?
Which type of memory is specifically associated with sensory stimuli of visual inputs?
- Episodic memory
- Procedural memory
- Iconic memory (correct)
- Echoic memory
What is the primary distinction between explicit and implicit memory?
What is the primary distinction between explicit and implicit memory?
- Implicit memory involves facts learned in a class setting.
- Explicit memory requires conscious recall, while implicit memory does not. (correct)
- Explicit memory is about skills, while implicit memory is about facts.
- Explicit memory is permanent, while implicit memory is temporary.
Which of these is an example of procedural memory?
Which of these is an example of procedural memory?
- Recalling historical dates
- Identifying a famous painting
- Riding a bicycle (correct)
- Memorizing a poem
What kind of memory is described as the retention of facts and general knowledge?
What kind of memory is described as the retention of facts and general knowledge?
How long does iconic memory typically last?
How long does iconic memory typically last?
What is a common strategy used to enhance memory retention, particularly with lists?
What is a common strategy used to enhance memory retention, particularly with lists?
Which statement best describes sensory memory?
Which statement best describes sensory memory?
Which of the following is an example of mnemonic memory aid?
Which of the following is an example of mnemonic memory aid?
Which type of memory would most likely be inaccurate due to decay over long periods?
Which type of memory would most likely be inaccurate due to decay over long periods?
What is the primary characteristic of a test that is considered valid?
What is the primary characteristic of a test that is considered valid?
Which type of reliability involves comparing scores from the same test taken on two different occasions?
Which type of reliability involves comparing scores from the same test taken on two different occasions?
What is an example of predictive validity?
What is an example of predictive validity?
How does the Flynn Effect impact IQ testing over time?
How does the Flynn Effect impact IQ testing over time?
Which statement best describes crystallized intelligence?
Which statement best describes crystallized intelligence?
What distinguishes fluid intelligence from crystallized intelligence?
What distinguishes fluid intelligence from crystallized intelligence?
Which of the following best describes construct validity?
Which of the following best describes construct validity?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of reliable tests?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of reliable tests?
When considering fluid intelligence, which of the following abilities is typically included?
When considering fluid intelligence, which of the following abilities is typically included?
Which of the following statements about reliability and validity is false?
Which of the following statements about reliability and validity is false?
What is the Primacy effect in memory recall?
What is the Primacy effect in memory recall?
Which type of amnesia prevents the formation of new memories after the onset of amnesia?
Which type of amnesia prevents the formation of new memories after the onset of amnesia?
What is an example of proactive interference?
What is an example of proactive interference?
What does the availability heuristic rely on?
What does the availability heuristic rely on?
How is intelligence typically defined?
How is intelligence typically defined?
What is the purpose of an aptitude test?
What is the purpose of an aptitude test?
What best describes a prototype?
What best describes a prototype?
Which of the following is a characteristic of divergent thinking?
Which of the following is a characteristic of divergent thinking?
What does serial position effect refer to?
What does serial position effect refer to?
Which of these describes Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve?
Which of these describes Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve?
What characteristic differentiates long-term memory from short-term memory?
What characteristic differentiates long-term memory from short-term memory?
Which type of memory specifically involves recalling experienced events?
Which type of memory specifically involves recalling experienced events?
Which strategy is commonly utilized to enhance memory retention through the use of imagery or relationships?
Which strategy is commonly utilized to enhance memory retention through the use of imagery or relationships?
What type of sensory memory is primarily related to auditory stimuli?
What type of sensory memory is primarily related to auditory stimuli?
What is the main focus of procedural memory?
What is the main focus of procedural memory?
What is a common misconception about sensory memory?
What is a common misconception about sensory memory?
Which of these statements correctly describes implicit memory?
Which of these statements correctly describes implicit memory?
What is the correct definition of semantic memory?
What is the correct definition of semantic memory?
Which example best represents the concept of mnemonics?
Which example best represents the concept of mnemonics?
What is a primary characteristic of iconic memory?
What is a primary characteristic of iconic memory?
What is the primary characteristic that differentiates predictive validity from construct validity?
What is the primary characteristic that differentiates predictive validity from construct validity?
Which statement accurately describes the Flynn Effect?
Which statement accurately describes the Flynn Effect?
Which of the following best describes crystallized intelligence?
Which of the following best describes crystallized intelligence?
What is the primary purpose of performing a split-half reliability test?
What is the primary purpose of performing a split-half reliability test?
How does fluid intelligence typically change as a person ages?
How does fluid intelligence typically change as a person ages?
Which of the following statements is true regarding test-retest reliability?
Which of the following statements is true regarding test-retest reliability?
In the context of intelligence testing, what is meant by 'construct validity'?
In the context of intelligence testing, what is meant by 'construct validity'?
What characterizes the relationship between crystallized intelligence and age?
What characterizes the relationship between crystallized intelligence and age?
Which factor illustrates an application of predictive validity in intelligence tests?
Which factor illustrates an application of predictive validity in intelligence tests?
What is the impact of the recency effect on memory recall?
What is the impact of the recency effect on memory recall?
In the context of mood congruence, how does emotional state influence recall?
In the context of mood congruence, how does emotional state influence recall?
What key distinction exists between algorithms and heuristics in problem-solving?
What key distinction exists between algorithms and heuristics in problem-solving?
What is the primary focus of an achievement test as opposed to an aptitude test?
What is the primary focus of an achievement test as opposed to an aptitude test?
Which statement best characterizes false memories?
Which statement best characterizes false memories?
What does the concept of priming refer to in memory studies?
What does the concept of priming refer to in memory studies?
How does the representative heuristic impact decision-making?
How does the representative heuristic impact decision-making?
What does convergent thinking primarily emphasize in problem-solving?
What does convergent thinking primarily emphasize in problem-solving?
What is a major characteristic of retrograde amnesia?
What is a major characteristic of retrograde amnesia?
What does the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve illustrate regarding memory retention?
What does the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve illustrate regarding memory retention?
Which type of memory is described as relatively permanent and limitless?
Which type of memory is described as relatively permanent and limitless?
What is an example of episodic memory?
What is an example of episodic memory?
What does construct validity specifically assess in a measurement tool?
What does construct validity specifically assess in a measurement tool?
Which term refers to the observed increase in average IQ scores over time?
Which term refers to the observed increase in average IQ scores over time?
What is the expected change in fluid intelligence throughout a person's life?
What is the expected change in fluid intelligence throughout a person's life?
Which statement best describes the role of mnemonic devices in memory?
Which statement best describes the role of mnemonic devices in memory?
Which memory system is primarily involved in retaining learned skills?
Which memory system is primarily involved in retaining learned skills?
Which type of reliability involves administering the same test two different times to measure consistency?
Which type of reliability involves administering the same test two different times to measure consistency?
How is crystallized intelligence best characterized?
How is crystallized intelligence best characterized?
What distinguishes echoic memory from iconic memory?
What distinguishes echoic memory from iconic memory?
Which aspect can lead to the decay of memories in long-term storage over time?
Which aspect can lead to the decay of memories in long-term storage over time?
Which type of validity focuses on how well a test predicts behaviors aligned with the test's purpose?
Which type of validity focuses on how well a test predicts behaviors aligned with the test's purpose?
What does split-half reliability measure in a test?
What does split-half reliability measure in a test?
What type of memory aids can enhance recall of complex information?
What type of memory aids can enhance recall of complex information?
What aspect of intelligence is primarily assessed through tests of fluid intelligence?
What aspect of intelligence is primarily assessed through tests of fluid intelligence?
Which statement about sensory memory is accurate?
Which statement about sensory memory is accurate?
In what manner does semantic memory differ from episodic memory?
In what manner does semantic memory differ from episodic memory?
Which aspect of intelligence does NOT increase with age according to research?
Which aspect of intelligence does NOT increase with age according to research?
What is the primary characteristic of valid tests?
What is the primary characteristic of valid tests?
What is the process of updating or altering a schema to include new information known as?
What is the process of updating or altering a schema to include new information known as?
Which of the following concepts best illustrates the representative heuristic?
Which of the following concepts best illustrates the representative heuristic?
What type of amnesia involves the inability to recall past memories?
What type of amnesia involves the inability to recall past memories?
In what situation would you most likely experience the recency effect?
In what situation would you most likely experience the recency effect?
Which of the following strategies is characterized as a heuristic approach?
Which of the following strategies is characterized as a heuristic approach?
Which term describes a vivid, long-lasting memory typically tied to an emotional event?
Which term describes a vivid, long-lasting memory typically tied to an emotional event?
What defines the activation of specific associations in memory without conscious awareness?
What defines the activation of specific associations in memory without conscious awareness?
Which aspect of intelligence tests is assessed through aptitude testing?
Which aspect of intelligence tests is assessed through aptitude testing?
What differentiates divergent thinking from convergent thinking?
What differentiates divergent thinking from convergent thinking?
What is the phenomenon where prior learning disrupts the recall of new information called?
What is the phenomenon where prior learning disrupts the recall of new information called?
What does the term 'priming' refer to in memory processing?
What does the term 'priming' refer to in memory processing?
How does the availability heuristic influence decision-making?
How does the availability heuristic influence decision-making?
Which of the following best describes the difference between algorithms and heuristics?
Which of the following best describes the difference between algorithms and heuristics?
What is the primary focus of the serial position effect in memory recall?
What is the primary focus of the serial position effect in memory recall?
What does the term 'false memory' refer to in psychological contexts?
What does the term 'false memory' refer to in psychological contexts?
Which of the following concepts describes the impact of one's emotional state on recall?
Which of the following concepts describes the impact of one's emotional state on recall?
What best describes the cognitive process involved in creating a prototype?
What best describes the cognitive process involved in creating a prototype?
What distinguishes achievement tests from aptitude tests?
What distinguishes achievement tests from aptitude tests?
Which statement accurately depicts the relationship between anterograde and retrograde amnesia?
Which statement accurately depicts the relationship between anterograde and retrograde amnesia?
How does the concept of schema function in organizing information?
How does the concept of schema function in organizing information?
What distinguishes episodic memory from semantic memory?
What distinguishes episodic memory from semantic memory?
Which statement accurately describes sensory memory?
Which statement accurately describes sensory memory?
Which type of mnemonic aids is most effective for organizing information for recall?
Which type of mnemonic aids is most effective for organizing information for recall?
What is a common characteristic of implicit memory?
What is a common characteristic of implicit memory?
Which of the following best represents procedural memory?
Which of the following best represents procedural memory?
How does long-term memory differ from short-term memory?
How does long-term memory differ from short-term memory?
Which process is primarily involved in retrieving information from long-term memory?
Which process is primarily involved in retrieving information from long-term memory?
Which factor does NOT significantly influence memory retention?
Which factor does NOT significantly influence memory retention?
Which type of memory depends on forming associations between learned skills and contextual cues?
Which type of memory depends on forming associations between learned skills and contextual cues?
What does the term 'chunking' refer to in the context of memory?
What does the term 'chunking' refer to in the context of memory?
What aspect distinguishes a valid test from a reliable one?
What aspect distinguishes a valid test from a reliable one?
Which of the following best exemplifies predictive validity?
Which of the following best exemplifies predictive validity?
What does the Flynn Effect suggest about human intelligence over generations?
What does the Flynn Effect suggest about human intelligence over generations?
How does crystallized intelligence differ from fluid intelligence?
How does crystallized intelligence differ from fluid intelligence?
Which type of reliability assesses a test's consistency using different halves of the same test?
Which type of reliability assesses a test's consistency using different halves of the same test?
What is a potential consequence of failing to adjust IQ tests in light of the Flynn Effect?
What is a potential consequence of failing to adjust IQ tests in light of the Flynn Effect?
In what way do predictive validity and construct validity differ fundamentally?
In what way do predictive validity and construct validity differ fundamentally?
Which statement accurately describes fluid intelligence?
Which statement accurately describes fluid intelligence?
Which statement about the relationship between age and intelligence types is accurate?
Which statement about the relationship between age and intelligence types is accurate?
What is the impact of using an outdated IQ test on the interpretation of intelligence?
What is the impact of using an outdated IQ test on the interpretation of intelligence?
Which type of memory involves the retention of skills such as tying shoes and playing basketball?
Which type of memory involves the retention of skills such as tying shoes and playing basketball?
What best describes characteristic differences between semantic and episodic memory?
What best describes characteristic differences between semantic and episodic memory?
Which method serves as a mnemonic device to assist with memory retention?
Which method serves as a mnemonic device to assist with memory retention?
How does iconic memory primarily function?
How does iconic memory primarily function?
What does the process of recall primarily involve?
What does the process of recall primarily involve?
What distinguishes long-term memory from short-term memory?
What distinguishes long-term memory from short-term memory?
Which type of memory is primarily responsible for retaining general knowledge and facts learned over time?
Which type of memory is primarily responsible for retaining general knowledge and facts learned over time?
In what manner does echoic memory function in the context of sensory memory?
In what manner does echoic memory function in the context of sensory memory?
Which of the following statements about reliability is true?
Which of the following statements about reliability is true?
What is the primary focus of predictive validity?
What is the primary focus of predictive validity?
What does crystallized intelligence primarily consist of?
What does crystallized intelligence primarily consist of?
Which factor is most closely associated with the Flynn Effect?
Which factor is most closely associated with the Flynn Effect?
What is the key characteristic of fluid intelligence?
What is the key characteristic of fluid intelligence?
How does the concept of split-half reliability function?
How does the concept of split-half reliability function?
What typically happens to fluid intelligence as individuals age?
What typically happens to fluid intelligence as individuals age?
Which of the following represents a measure of test-retest reliability?
Which of the following represents a measure of test-retest reliability?
What is the main function of a prototype in categorization?
What is the main function of a prototype in categorization?
Which of the following memory phenomena describes the tendency to recall the last items in a list more effectively?
Which of the following memory phenomena describes the tendency to recall the last items in a list more effectively?
Which memory type is characterized by the inability to form new memories following the onset of a condition?
Which memory type is characterized by the inability to form new memories following the onset of a condition?
What type of forgetting is referred to as proactive interference?
What type of forgetting is referred to as proactive interference?
What is a key difference between algorithms and heuristics in problem-solving?
What is a key difference between algorithms and heuristics in problem-solving?
Which term refers to a sudden insight into a solution occurring without deliberate problem-solving effort?
Which term refers to a sudden insight into a solution occurring without deliberate problem-solving effort?
What does the term 'schema' specifically represent in cognitive psychology?
What does the term 'schema' specifically represent in cognitive psychology?
What can emotional state's influence on memory recall be best described as?
What can emotional state's influence on memory recall be best described as?
Flashcards
Memory
Memory
The ability to encode, store, and retrieve information.
Sensory Memory
Sensory Memory
Briefly holding sensory information.
Iconic Memory
Iconic Memory
Sensory memory for visual information.
Echoic Memory
Echoic Memory
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Short-Term Memory
Short-Term Memory
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Long-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory
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Explicit Memory
Explicit Memory
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Implicit Memory
Implicit Memory
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Semantic Memory
Semantic Memory
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Episodic Memory
Episodic Memory
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Test Reliability
Test Reliability
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Test Validity
Test Validity
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Test-Retest Reliability
Test-Retest Reliability
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Split-Half Reliability
Split-Half Reliability
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Construct Validity
Construct Validity
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Predictive Validity
Predictive Validity
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Flynn Effect
Flynn Effect
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Crystallized Intelligence
Crystallized Intelligence
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Fluid Intelligence
Fluid Intelligence
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Intelligence Types: Crystallized vs. Fluid
Intelligence Types: Crystallized vs. Fluid
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PEMDAS
PEMDAS
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Chunking
Chunking
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Spacing Effect
Spacing Effect
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Testing Effect
Testing Effect
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Shallow Processing
Shallow Processing
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Flashbulb Memory
Flashbulb Memory
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Mood Congruence
Mood Congruence
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Priming
Priming
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Serial Position Effect
Serial Position Effect
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Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve
Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve
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What is Cognition?
What is Cognition?
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What is Memory?
What is Memory?
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Recall
Recall
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Recognition
Recognition
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Parallel Processing
Parallel Processing
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Procedural Memory
Procedural Memory
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Algorithm
Algorithm
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Heuristic
Heuristic
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Representative Heuristic
Representative Heuristic
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Insight
Insight
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Convergent Thinking
Convergent Thinking
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Achievement Test
Achievement Test
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Aptitude Test
Aptitude Test
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IQ
IQ
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Mnemonics
Mnemonics
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What is a prototype?
What is a prototype?
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What is a schema?
What is a schema?
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What is an algorithm?
What is an algorithm?
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What is a heuristic?
What is a heuristic?
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Crystallized vs. Fluid
Crystallized vs. Fluid
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What is Intelligence?
What is Intelligence?
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Prototypes and Schemas
Prototypes and Schemas
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Crystallized vs. Fluid Intelligence
Crystallized vs. Fluid Intelligence
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Study Notes
Memory
- Memory: The persistence of learning through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.
- Measuring Memory:
- Recall: Retrieving information not currently in conscious awareness.
- Recognition: Identifying previously learned information.
- Crime Scene Memory Test: A memory test about a crime scene image.
Types of Memory
- Sensory Memory: A fleeting memory of sensory stimuli.
- Iconic Memory: Sensory memory of visual stimuli (what we see).
- Echoic Memory: Sensory memory of auditory stimuli (what we hear).
- Short-Term Memory: Temporarily holds information.
- Long-Term Memory: Relatively permanent and limitless.
- Explicit Memory: Consciously retrieved memories.
- Semantic Memory: Facts and general knowledge (e.g., important dates, phone numbers).
- Episodic Memory: Personally experienced events (e.g., first day of school, friends' birthdays).
- Implicit Memory: Unconsciously retrieved memories of learned skills or associations.
- Explicit Memory: Consciously retrieved memories.
- Procedural Memory: Retrieving information about learned skills (e.g., tying shoes, playing basketball).
- Mnemonics: Memory aids (e.g., acronyms, chunking, rhymes).
- Chunking: Organizing items into familiar, manageable units (e.g., phone numbers, acronyms).
Forgetting
- Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve: The course of forgetting information over time. A rapid initial decrease in memory accuracy followed by a more gradual decline.
- Amnesia: Memory loss.
- Anterograde Amnesia: Inability to form new memories.
- Retrograde Amnesia: Inability to recall past memories.
- Interference: Inability to recall memories due to competing information.
- Proactive Interference: Old information interferes with the recall of new information.
- False Memories: Apparent recollection of an event that did not occur.
Other Memory Concepts
- Spacing Effect: The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study.
- Testing Effect: Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information.
- Shallow Processing: Encoding information based on superficial characteristics.
- Deep Processing: Encoding information based on meaning and connections.
- Flashbulb Memory: A vivid, enduring memory associated with an emotionally significant and unusual event.
- Mood Congruence: The tendency to recall experiences consistent with one's current good or bad emotional state.
- Priming: The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.
- Serial Position Effect: Memory's tendency to recall the first and last items in a list best.
- Recency Effect: Best memory of the last items on a list.
- Primacy Effect: Best memory of the first items on a list.
Other Cognitive Concepts
-
Concept: Mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
-
Prototype: A mental image or best example of a category.
-
Schema: A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.
-
Algorithms vs. Heuristics:
- Algorithm: A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees a solution to a problem. Often impractical for complex problems.
- Heuristic: A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; does not guarantee a solution.
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Representative Heuristic: Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes.
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Availability Heuristic: Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory.
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Insight: A sudden realization of a problem's solution.
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Creativity: The ability to produce new and valuable ideas.
- Convergent Thinking: Narrowing available solutions to determine the single best solution.
- Divergent Thinking: Expanding the number of possible problem solutions.
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Intelligence: The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
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Achievement vs. Aptitude Tests:
- Achievement Tests: Measure mastery of knowledge and assess what someone has learned.
- Aptitude Tests: Designed to predict a person’s future performance or capacity to learn.
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IQ: A person's mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.
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Reliability vs. Validity:
- Reliability: Consistency of results.
- Validity: Accuracy of measuring what it's intended to measure.
- Flynn Effect: The observed increase in average IQ scores over time.
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Crystallized vs. Fluid Intelligence:
- Crystallized Intelligence: Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; increases with age.
- Fluid Intelligence: Ability to reason speedily and abstractly; decreases with age.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of memory in this psychology quiz. Test your knowledge on the types of memory, measuring recall and recognition, and the specifics of short-term and long-term memory. Engage with scenarios like crime scene memory tests to deepen your understanding.
