Psychology Chapter 13 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are the 3 measures of retention in order from most to least sensitive?

Recognition, Recall, and Relearning

Recognition, Relearning, and Recall

Relearning, Recognition, and Recall (correct)

Recall, Relearning, and Recognition

What are the 3 types of recall?

Cued recall, Serial recall, and Free recall (correct)

Context recall, Free recall, and Serial recall

Free recall, Cued recall, and Rote recall

Recognition, Recall, and Relearning

Define serial recall.

Recalling information in the order it was presented.

Define recognition.

Recognising the correct information among a list of incorrect information. Signup and view all the answers

Define relearning.

Learning something that has already been committed to memory in the past. Signup and view all the answers

Define free recall.

Recalling information in no particular order. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of cued recall?

Context dependent and state dependent recall Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition and equation for saving score?

The time saved spent relearning something. (Original time spent learning - Time spent relearning) x 100 / Original time spent learning Signup and view all the answers

Outline one characteristic of the forgetting curve.

Most forgetting occurs immediately after the information has been learnt, so the beginning of a forgetting curve has the steepest slope. Signup and view all the answers

What did Hermann Ebbinghaus first formulate?

The forgetting curve. Signup and view all the answers

Define acronym.

An acronym is a word or pronounceable syllable made up of the first letters of the items or words in the phrase we are trying to remember, e.g., QANTAS. Signup and view all the answers

Define acrostic.

Acrostics are phrases, rhymes, or poems in which the first letter of each word serves as a cue to help you retrieve a word or idea that begins with the same letter, e.g., 'Never eat soggy weetbix' is North, South, East, West. Signup and view all the answers

When is the peg-word method best to use?

When the order of the information that needs to be memorized is very important. Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of loci?

Connecting information with familiar locations to assist in memorizing that information. Signup and view all the answers

What is narrative chaining?

Creating a story with information that needs to be memorized in order to assist in memorizing that information. Signup and view all the answers

What did Elizabeth Loftus suggest?

It is possible for misinformation to be implanted in a witness' memory, which can gradually take on greater significance for the witness until they begin to believe that the implanted information was a genuine memory. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Measures of Retention

Relearning is the most sensitive retention measure, allowing assessment of memory through the time saved during relearning.
Recognition is less sensitive and involves identifying correct information from a list of incorrect options.
Recall is the least sensitive, requiring the retrieval of information without cues.

Types of Recall

Cued recall involves retrieving information with the help of prompts or cues.
Serial recall requires information to be recalled in the specific order in which it was presented.
Free recall allows retrieval of information in any order.

Definitions of Recall Types

Serial recall = Recalling information in the sequence it was learned.
Recognition = Identifying correct information among distractors.
Relearning = Revisiting previously memorized information to enhance retention.
Free recall = Retrieving information without any organizational structure.

Cued Recall

Two categories:
- Context-dependent recall, which relies on the environment during initial learning.
- State-dependent recall, which relies on the mood or physiological state during learning.

Saving Score

Measures efficiency of relearning:
- Calculation: (Original learning time - relearning time) x 100 / Original learning time.

Forgetting Curve

Most significant forgetting occurs immediately after learning, creating a steep slope at the start of the curve.
Hermann Ebbinghaus first formulated this concept, emphasizing the rapid decline of memory retention over time.

Mnemonic Devices

Acronym = Forming a word from the first letters of a group of words (e.g., QANTAS).
Acrostic = Using phrases or poems where initial letters act as cues for retrieval (e.g., "Never eat soggy weetbix" for navigation directions).

Memory Techniques

Peg-word method = Useful for memorizing information in a specific order.
Method of loci = Associating information with familiar locations to aid memory.
Narrative chaining = Creating stories to link information for better memorization (e.g., VALUE sequence).

Misinformation Effect

Elizabeth Loftus posited that false information can be implanted in a witness's memory, leading to altered beliefs about the accuracy of their memories.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chapter 13 of Psychology. This chapter focuses on various measures of retention and types of recall. Improve your understanding of these key concepts in memory retention.