Memory Types and Sperling's Experiments

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Questions and Answers

What is the duration of iconic memory?

200-500 milliseconds

What was the difference between Sperling's Full Report and Partial Tasks?

In Full Report task participants had to recall the full set of letters; in the Partial Report task participants only had to recall one row of letters

What's the difference between echoic memory and iconic memory?

Echoic memory lasts longer than iconic memory, about 4 seconds

Which of these tasks is particularly supported by sensory memory?

Continuing to process a stimulus after it has disappeared Signup and view all the answers

How did Sterling's Partial Report task reveal the duration of iconic memory?

Poorer recall when there was a longer delay between the presentation of the letters and the cue for recall Signup and view all the answers

The Primacy effect occurs because the first few items are still present in your working memory upon recall.

False Signup and view all the answers

What description best characterizes the serial position curve for an experiment where a distractor task comes between presentation and recall?

High recall for the first few items and low recall for all other items Signup and view all the answers

What can you do to maintain a seven digit passcode in working memory until you find a pen?

Rehearse it by repeating the passcode to yourself Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the phenomenon when you can only remember the last few classmates' names during introductions?

Recency effect Signup and view all the answers

Recall of which items in a list would be most strongly affected by difficulty forming long-term memories, as in anterograde amnesia?

The first few items Signup and view all the answers

What is an implicit bias?

A bias that exists without awareness of it Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to have an implicit bias?

Attitudes, beliefs, and stereotypes from your culture have been internalized and are accessed more quickly than non-stereotypical associations. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about attitudes is true?

People's explicit biases are sometimes different than their implicit biases. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be the stereotype consistent category for the word 'grief' in an IAT investigating attitudes toward people with disabilities?

Disabled Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the Implicit Association Test (IAT)?

It measures implicit bias by analyzing differences in response times. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Memory Types

Iconic memory lasts between 200-500 milliseconds.
Echoic memory lasts approximately 4 seconds, making it longer than iconic memory.
Sensory memory supports the ability to continue processing a stimulus after it has vanished.

Sperling's Experiments

Sperling's Full Report task requires recalling an entire set of letters.
The Partial Report task only asks participants to recall one row of letters.
Recall from the Partial Report task demonstrated that longer delays between letter presentation and recall cues result in poorer performance, indicating the brief duration of iconic memory.

Memory Effects

The Primacy effect refers to better recall of the first few items in a sequence, but it is false to state this occurs because these items remain in working memory.
A serial position curve in experiments with distractor tasks shows high recall for the initial items and low recall for those in the middle or end of a list.
The recency effect describes the phenomenon of recalling the last few presented items more easily.

Working Memory Strategies

To retain a seven-digit passcode temporarily, repeating it to oneself enhances working memory retention.

Long-term Memory Challenges

Anterograde amnesia primarily affects recall of the first few items on a list due to difficulty forming long-term memories.

Implicit Bias

Implicit bias is characterized by biases that occur without conscious awareness.
Implicit attitudes, beliefs, and stereotypes are quickly accessed due to cultural internalization.
Explicit biases can differ significantly from implicit ones.

IAT (Implicit Association Test)

The IAT measures implicit bias through the analysis of response time differences.
In an IAT addressing attitudes towards disabilities, the stereotype consistent category for "grief" would be associated with "disabled" or "bad."

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Description

Explore the different types of memory, including iconic and echoic memory, through the lens of Sperling's groundbreaking experiments. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of sensory memory and the effects observed in recall tasks. Test your knowledge on the Primacy and Recency effects as well.